Tried to startup and computer shuts down citing ''Fatal Error''

Windows Fatal Errors:
Most general protection errors are caused by
#1. Corrupted files (run scan disk and defrag regularly)
#2. Poorly written software (look at what programs you are running at the time of the error)
#3. Bad Video ram (get a new video card or replace the ram chips on it)
#4. Bad or unmatched System Ram (replace or swap ram)
#5. Bad Mother Board Cache ram (replace the mother board or cache module)
following is a list of Intel 80386 processor protected mode exception errors and their names:
Code / Meaning
0 Divide error
1 Debugger interrupt
2 Nonmaskable interrupt
3 Breakpoint
4 Overflow interrupt
5 Array boundary violation
6 Invalid opcode
7 Coprocessor not available
8 Double fault
9 Coprocessor segment overrun
10 Invalid task state segment
11 Segment not present
12 Stack exception
13 General protection violation
14 Page fault
16 Coprocessor error
Here are some of the Errors and Fixes you can find here:
Black screen errors
Protection error or IOS Protection error
Beep, Black Screen and Lock up installing 95
WHITE screen errors
Error Loading Explorer.exe (You Must reinstall Windows)
Program error
BLUE screen errors
Nspmm.dll error on boot
Oleaut32.dll linked to a missing export
MSVCRT Error with Netscape
MIDI_file_Parser with C-Media card
Explorer Exception Error at 6d007eh
Fatal Exception Error running Defrag
WinExec returned with an error code 2
IPF opening mmsys.cpl or Mutilmedia applet in Control Panel
FIFA99.exe caused a GPF in FIFA99.exe (Using an ATI Rage IIc)
Fatal Exception message Msgsrv32.exe file (at shut down with Autocad)
Missing dzip32.dll (screen saver + Mcafee error)
Explorer caused an exception 6d007fH in module Webcheck.dll
GPF (general protection fault) at boot in rpcrt4.dll (Win 98)
Video not available, cannot find 'vids:vid' decompressor
CS32 caused an invalid page fault (IPF) in module Kernel32.bll at 0157
Umax scanner and vmm32.vxd error
Fatal Error 8205 cannot take snapshot (at shutdown)
Win98 While initializing device shell: Cannot find or load a required file krnl386.exe
MSVCRT.DLL Errors in HyperTerminal and other programs with Office 2000 or Visual Studio 6.0
Windows Task Scheduler causes GPF in User.exe
Win Zip Header Error
Explorer Caused a Divide Error in Module Shell32.dll
Divide Error in GDI.exe at 0023:xxxx
Error Loading GDI
Compobj.dll Errors or Invalid link to dll Errors
Invalid VxD dynamic link call from VPOWERD(06) + 00000BD9 to device VMCPD Service C
Exception 00 has occurred at 0028:xxxxxxxx in VxD ESDI_506(01)
VFAT Initialization Failed System halted
General Protection or Page Faults with MMX chips and 95
Cannot create file or folder error
IOS error with AMD 350 MHZ and above
Zip Disk Fatal Error
MS Publisher error
Explorer caused an invalid page fault in module MSHTML.DLL at 0137:

Network and Dial-up Errors
Ping Transmit failed error 10091
Explorer exception error C06d007eH in sens.dll
TCP-IP Error 10043
Dial-up Network Error 745
ICQ IPF (invalid page fault) in msvcrt.dll (after Netscape update)
Waol error page fault in kernel32.dll
Cannot Dial or Lock-ups with AOL and Mcafee
NT Error
Server does not have enought storage space to start; after Installing RAS (NT)
GDI.exe errors
Error loading GDI.exe on boot
Spool32 error in GDI.exe
Setup / Install errors
Windows 98 requires a 486 or better processor (NX586)
Netscape Install: General File Transfer Error #3 in npavi.zip
Suwin caused a General Protection Fault in 256_1280.drv at 0002:0D7B
ISSET_SE error
Call to Undefined Dynalink Message
MSGSRV32 caused a general protection fault in module KRNL386.exe at 0001:00001b51.
MSGSRV32 caused a stack fault in module KRNL386.exe at 0001.00005595.
RUNDLL32 caused an invalid page fault in module KERNEL32.DLL at 015f:bff9dba7.
MSGSRV32 caused an invalid page fault in module KERNEL32.DLL at 015f:bff9dba7.
95 Setup Error: Cannot create short file names with numeric tails...
98 Setup Error: General Protection Fault or Invalid Page Fault During Setup
Outlook Errors
OutLook IPF (Invalid Page Fault) errors
Outlook IPF error in emalscan or IPF KERNEL32.DLL at 0157:bff99dbd
OutLook caused an IPF in Inetcomm.dll
OutLook caused an IPF in EMALSCAN.DLL or kernel32.dll
OutLook MPREXE caused an invalid page fault in module Kernel32.dll
Outlook startup error: OUTLLIB.DLL file is linked to missing export MAPI32.DLL
French Page Fault in module inconnu (IE 5.)

Just try to boot the system in safe mode and run thse chkdsk command.