A Toaster Oven is far to BIG a draw in amps for that plug and will have almost certainly melted a fuse if it has one. I have an early 1970's GE and there is a fuse panel behind the burners and below the clock and dials. The outlet is to plug in whisks and stick blenders only, mine sparks and arcs if I put a kettle in it.
https://www.google.com/search?q=ge+p7+stove+fuse+location
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To do that today, you would need to do the following for older dryers. Turn off the power by pulling the plug From the back remove the console. Remove the top Undo the two screws at the kick strip Carefully remove the front remembering there are wires. Short the wires together and tape them up. Put it all back together. For modern dryers. Some are surface mount and just pull out. Order the part, DON'T leave it like that! ..
The reason for this will be that you have mis-routed the belt or that the spring on the idler arm is weak or has broken / dropped off. The idler pulley puts tension on the back edge of the belt. What made the loud noise will be the key to this. My bet is that you lost the spring or an idler arm mounting bolt.
When it hit the floor you have probably knocked something loose inside the motor itself. You will need to check it spins freely by hand and check the carbon brushes for the armature. You may also need to strip the motor down to check all the wiring connections inside the motor.
If it smalls 'fishy', it is overheating at the motor windings. That would not cause the dryers thermal fuses to trip. Dryers don't normally have an internal breaker. Remove the motor, strip and clean it. Lubricate the bearings. It should spin very freely.
