You would need to study the wiring diagram to answer your final question.
The temp sensor of a basic pre-computerised temp gauge mostly just has a single wire and when a gauge doesn't work it can be tested by grounding that wire which then should result in a full scale reading from the gauge. If it doesn't the supply, gauge or wiring is at fault.
If there is a full scale indication the sensor could be faulty or perhaps the engine is too cool.
When electronic engine management came along the temp gauge was increasingly driven by the computer from the main sensor and the single wire type was deleted.
SOURCE: automatic transmission not shifting into 3rd or 4th
call a dealer and they will tell you you are suppose to change your transmission fluid every 2 years or 30,000miles but if you was carrying this much load you may have over heated the transmission so I would shop around and get a good deal at a transmission place where they can replace the filter and the fluid and adjust the bands on the transmission if needed
SOURCE: how to use the overdrive on the auto.transmission.
the overdrive button on your automatic transmission is for cruising on the highway basically like having another gear for better economy careful not to use it when your not on the highway because lugging the car in overdrive when its not needed will cause higher fuel consumption other than that you should have no problems just get out on the highway and push and away you go
SOURCE: 2000 es300 lexus auto w overdrive button overdrive 4th gear not work
There isn't anything wrong with your car. This is perfectly normal. I have a 2000 ES300 as well as other people that I know and it operates in the same way. Overdrive doesn't mean the same thing for every car or transmission. In our case overdrive is simply a reference to the top gear which is 4th gear. When you switch overdrive off(which is depressing the button causing the O/D OFF dash light to illuminate,) the highest gear becomes 3rd because you turned 4th gear or overdrive off. The application scenario for this is usually mountainous terrain where a lot of uphill driving makes it more feasible not to up shift into 4th gear while ascending and descending. It will not switch back to overdrive or 4th gear until you re-engage it by turning the overdrive back on or repressing the button. Again, when the O/D OFF dash light is illuminated, overdrive which is 4th gear is off and the highest gear will then become 3rd. It will never shift into 4th gear while this light is illuminated or overdrive is off. When you press the button and the O/D OFF dash light is NOT illuminated overdrive is on and therefore it will shift into 4th gear as usual. This applies to all 97-2001 ES300's and probably any other car you drive tat exhibits this same type of change when overdrive is turned off.
SOURCE: 1994 toyota paseo: overdrive problem
I would start with replacing your tranny fluid. black is no good. your tranny should hold about 7 qts of fluid. The tranny fluid runs through your radiator to help keep it cool. If your thermostat is stuck closed your eng coolant won't circulate and the coolant will get hotter inside your radiator. thus making your tranny fluid hotter and breaking it down. After time it will turn black from getting too hot. Let your car warm up to normal operating temperture then grab your upper radiator hose. It should be very warm. If not your thermostat is stuck closed.
SOURCE: car will not shift into overdrive
As a response to solution #1 these cars do have an overdrive while in D-4, mine was shifting in and out at 70 mph until it finally quit and the rpm is now 3100 at 70 mph insted of 2700. The car still shifts 4 full times just not the fifth-OD. I still can't find out what fixes this problem either.
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