What are the probable causes of DTCs P0300 and P0316?

Ford Explorer 4.6 PO308 common Misfire code
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5uO-S_HgGNE
PO301 through PO308...What it means and how to fix it
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LnMZyqfLKw
Mercury Monterey P0316 P0300 Part 1
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLJBMEFl2nw

P0300 means you have a misfire in multiple cylinders
P0440 means there is a malfunction with the Evaporative Emission Control System.

The engine will be running very rough and potentially it could stop altogether.


You need to get the vehicle to a competent mechanic to diagnose the cause of the problems because there are a number of factors that could be causing these engine problems and the fault codes that are being generated as a result. .

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P0300 multiple misfire
P0301 misfire on cylinders 1
Bad sparkplug, bad wire, something wrong with coil

The P0316 DTC code is a generic code that applies to all vehicles. This code means the powertrain control module (PCM) has detected a misfire shortly after startup, specifically within the first 1,000 revolutions. This code may also be triggered with another of the other misfire codes which are P0300, P0301, P0302, P0303, P0304, P0305, P0306, P0307, P0308, P0309, P0310, P0311, P0312. If you have another misfire trouble code also, you should diagnose and repair that code(s) first. Symptoms Symptoms of a P0316 DTC may include: MIL (Malfunction indicator lamp) illumination Rough engine start or idle Potential Causes Potential causes of this misfire code may include: Damaged or defective Crankshaft Position Sensor (CKP) CKP sensor wiring or connector fault Poor fuel quality Ran out of fuel Ignition system malfunction Fuel system malfunction: injector or fuel pump Mechanical engine problem Damaged PCM Possible Solutions First off, you'll want to repair any other misfire DTC codes if present prior to diagnosing this code. If you own a Ford vehicle and you have a P0316 along with one of the other misfire codes, you should check for appropriate TSBs (technical service bulletins), as there are some TSBs that in part involve reprogramming the PCM. Doing that requires specialized equipment. Some Ford vehicles even needed a new cylinder head as a result of the valve. Regardless, if you have a Ford with multiple misfire codes including this one, check for TSBs. If the P0316 is the only code, then it's time to do a bit more diagnosing of the crankshaft and camshaft position sensors, and their associated connectors and wiring. A tip we've found is "Since this code indicates a start up misfire, pay attention to items which may expand or contract when cold (if the code sets when the engine is cold), or hot (if the code sets on a hot restart)." Realistically, the freeze frame data from the PCM will be helpful in tracking down the problem. As will a good DVOM (digital volt-ohm meter), so you can perform tests on the wiring and the sensors.

Read more at: http://www.obd-codes.com/p0316
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SEAMS AS A MISFIRE CODE CHECK INJECTOR AND ETC

The P0300 is a general misfire code, and can be a result of numerous things. Coils, wires, plugs, injectors, sensors, mechanical issues etc. Being that you are throwing a P0316 in conjunction with the P0300, I would think that they are related, but rather than throw money at the vehicle>, do a few things first.
Replace your plug wires, chances are they are at, or close to the end of their life,Check the connector going to the CPS for corrosion or a poor connection. Clear the codes and see if the P0300 and P0316 codes come back.In the event that the codes do come back, or just one of them, you can rule out the possibility of the plugs and wires and move on to more possibilities.If the scanner you are using has the ability to monitor misfires, this could be a helpful tool to identify which cylinder(s) the misfire(s) is/are isolated to.In the event the spark plug wires don't fix your issue, and it is isolated to a specific cylinder, or group of cylinders it could tell you where to look next.

P0300 is a random misfire and P0316 is misfire at start-up.
If you have the V6, I would start by replacing the plugs and all the coils.
This is a little ******* the V6, since you have to remove the intake manifold, and the coils can be expensive. Coils are available on Ebay.
I've replaced all the coils on my 2002 Escape V6 after 100,000 miles. Typical V6 problem.

Generally, the issue could be the following from: http://www.obd-codes.com/p0300

A code P0300 may mean that one or more of the following has happened:

• Faulty spark plugs or wires
• Faulty coil (pack)
• Faulty oxygen sensor(s)
• Faulty fuel injector(s)
• Burned exhaust valve
• Faulty catalytic converter(s)
• Stuck/blocked EGR valve / passages
• Faulty camshaft position sensor
• Defective computer

check spark plug wires and coil packs

the P0011 and P0022 are the camshaft sensors (both sides) are over advanced--common problem on Fords, and is usually a defective VCT solenoid (variable cam timing solenoid)-it will cause your other codes (P0300 random misfire), P0305 (#5 cylinder), P0307 (#7), P0316 (misfire at startup)-P0171 is a lean condition on side 1, where #1 plug is located (look for a vacuum leak, but a faulty VCT could also cause this)-is there any chance the last oil change set this off? The proper viscosity is very important and may have caused these codes.

The P2198 is O2 sensor signal stuck rich bank 2 sensor 1. Has the engine or sensors recently gotten a bath in oil (seafoam?)-this code indicates something of possibly an over zealous maintenance procedure could have damaged maybe the MAP sensor, or more.... Unfortunately, you have a lot of company. At least you didn't crack a piston or hydrolock the engine. Seafoam is pale oil, naptha, and alcohol. With more detail there should be a reason for all those somewhat related codes-post more information.

P0171------ system too lean bank#1
Po174------ system too lean bank#2
For these 2 codes, try cleaning the maf sensor (mass air flow), that is mounted in the big black hose that goes from the air filter housing to the throttle plate, if it is dirty, that will cause those 02 sensors to send a signal to the computor to lean the air fuel mixture. If cleaning it doesn't work, the sensors will probably need changing.
P0300---- Random/multiple cylinder misfire
P0316---- Cylinder misfire at start up---- first 100 revolutions.
On those 2 codes, you have to do some testing to find out why there is a misfire.
Possible causes:
dirty/malfunctioning injectors
weak coil pack
fowling spark plugs/wires
Low fuel pressure