A reference variable must be initialized at the time of declaration. when we call a function by reference then why we do not need to initialize reference variable. for example- void f(int &a) { a=a+10; } here why a is not initialize although a is a reference variable.

That is the way all registers work. Doing X and Z readings is purely an administrative function that doesn't actually need the drawer open. Think of a supermarket cashier who takes the cash drawer to the office and then a manager comes and reads the till.

If you audit No Sales, circle that last one and initial it on the journal.

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Variations I have found of the Xavier initialization for weights in a Neural Network all mention a fan-in and a fan-out; could you please tell how those two parameters are computed? Specifically for these two examples:
1) initializing the weights of a convolutional layer, with a filter of shape [5, 5, 3, 6] (width, height, input depth, output depth);
2) initializing the weights of a fully connected layer, with shape [400, 120] (i.e. mapping 400 input variables onto 120 output variables).

Undefined variable error message displays when you evaluate a user-defined
function or run a user-defined program that references a local variable that is not
initialized (assigned a value). You have to type LineVert 7 and then graph function x=7. See captured image

Whether or not you can do it depends on the programming language. In terms of best practice, it's usually frowned upon to initialize a constant using a variable.
The reason for this is that if it your value is truly a constant (e.g. pi) you'd know the value beforehand and would be able to hardcode it. Initializing a constant using a variable, implies that it's not constant and thus should be declared as a variable and not as a constant.

You need to assign a default value to your variable, otherwise it's just declared and not initialized.
Example (in C#):
int numericValue; Here the variable numericValue has been declared as an integer
int numericValue = 11; and here the variable has been declared and initialized as an integer with the value 11.

Hi,
I'm assuming you are referring to declaring variables in Procedural programming languages such as Java. Variables need to be declared for several different reasons, some of which include helping the computer reserve space in memory for variables to be stored and it also plays a part in the various stages of converting the source code, i.e. the code that you type in VB or Java, into machine code which is a series of binary digits that the computer can actually understand. It helps the computer in debugging the code for errors. In the first stage of code conversion, lexical analysis, information about the variable names is stored. In the next stage, Syntax analysis, the code is checked to be grammatically correct according to the rules of Backus Naur Form, i.e. if a key word such as PRINT is typed in as PLINT the computer will treat this as a variable name and since no information about this variable name has been entered in the lexical analysis stage it knows that an error has been made.
Hope this helps!

There are many differences between C and C++. Basically we have 5 OOPs concept which is followed by C++ a)Inheritance b)Polymorphism c)Encapsulation d)Abstraction e)Object C is a procedural language which does follow polymorphism and inheritance concept. Major one are as follow 1)C is data oriented and C++ is object oriented language.This implies C is inefficient in handling real world problem as there is no class concept present. 2)C uses top down approach and C++ uses bottom up approach. 3)There is no concept of inheritance in C. 4)C++ have concept of dynamic memory dispatch,which is not supported by C 5)C is function oriented while C++ i,Function are building blocks of C while objects are building block of C++ program 6)C++ have function overloading but C dont have. 7)C++ also have concept of namespace. 8)C++ have reference variables but C dont have it. 9) Standard input,output function aree different in both languages. 10)C++ is free form language means we can declare variable at any place but in C we can declare only at starting of main block.

well there is not much difference there.the difference is in the data types not in declaration

See my answer here.

This is straight out of p. 67 of the user's manaul, available on iRiver website (it may not work if the computer does not recognize the device):

Initializing H10
67
Additional information
Firmware upgrade
66
What is firmware ?
It is the operating system that works in the H10.
iriver provides you with the latest and best features through Firmware upgrade.
You can choose manual or automatic upgrade function.
For information on automatic upgrade, refer to the iriver plus instruction manual.
Manual firmware upgrade
1 Select [Option - Firmware Upgrade] from the menu in iriver plus.
Do not disconnect H10 during firmware upgrade.
Internet must be connected for the "Firmware Update" function.
Change to "Player must be connected to the PC for Firmware Upgrade function.
Note
Please initialize H10 player in the following cases.
All music, pictures, text, and data will be erased from the player during this initialization.
- if there appears to be corruption on the internal hard drive.
- if an error message displays and the player doesn't boot properly.
1 Connect the player and PC using the cable supplied with the player.
Open iriver plus.
Select [Option-Portable Device Initialization]. 2
3 Click [Start] to begin initializing.
Initializing H10