Where can I get a manual for the ao smith sq1202 pool pump or schematics

most look like this

That model number is listed as a 230v motor (no neutral) The wires should be attached to terminals marked L1, L2 and A . L1 is high speed, L2 is common and A is low speed. Check the name plate for wiring information.

http://www.waterwayplastics.com/catalogs/2011_poolspa_02_pumps.pdf
Here is the page with the pump curves, it took a while to find.
This lists from 3/4 HP to 3 HP in standard and energy efficient models.
If you need more information, post again.
Gary

What is the brand, model and serial number off the motor?

A.O.Smith USQ1152.

Replace the leaking mechanical seal in the pump that is letting the water into the motor in the first place.

Bearings MAY be bad from a bad seal. To do this right you MAY need an arbor press to insert new seal without damaging it.

If you did not press a reset ( and even if you did) the motor is damaged and that is causing the circuit breaker to trip. You need to have the motor inspected to see if the damage is repairable or if you need a new motor. A local electric motor repair shop should be able to take care of that for you. The thermal overload has reset itself if after cooling down the motor is trying to start but trips the breaker.

To be certain it is the motor, disconnect the line leads and be sure they are insulated from ground and one another. Turn the breaker back on. It should stay closed which confirms it is the motor tripping it when connected.

If for some reason the breaker still trips, there is a problem with the electrical circuit feeding the pump.

Check the pump suction filter? To backwash it, is to
open the backwash tank cleanout valve, to clear the dirt out. If this does not work, check the pipelines going to the backwash tank for clogged lines.

Sounds like its frozen and causing a very heavy load on your circuit. If the motor gets hot within seconds, its shot and needs replacing. Have you attempted to turn the motor over by hand ?