It depends on who made the board but most use beep codes and or LED codes. When you first start up the PC you will hear the beep's and you will see the post codes flash on a LED. Those codes are listed in the manual for the motherboard if you don't have the original book that came with the board you can down load a copy from the support section on the makers website. like if your board is made by EVGA you would look here
https://www.evga.com/support/download/
Just wondering why are you asking because its pretty rare that you would actually need the codes now days. Because if you are installing a newer model mother board into a older computer case then its probably shorting the CPU on the back of the board to the case as most older case's don't have a hole in the mother board mount under the CPU socket.
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