Why bobbin tread showing on top? - Elna Sewing Machines

It appears the first two steps are the same as for top thread but rather then taking the thread all the way down towards needle you make a wrap around the bobbin tension disc then to the bobbin. There is no hook at the second step, it's just where there thread exits from behind the large plastic piece.

It means that your top thread tension is tighter than your bottom thread, and it's pulling your bobbin thread up. You loosen your top thread by turning the dial towards the "S." You should only have to loosen it by a maximum of one number; if it's more than that, you may have to adjust the bobbin thread tension.

You do that by first turning off the machine and removing the embroidery unit. Turn the tension dial to S. It helps to use a different color top and bottom thread, with the scrap fabric a third color. Run a straight stitch and zigzag stitch and examine them. If one size of the zigzag looks like "chicken tracks" or one side of the straight stitch is a straight line, it means that side is too tight. Take a look at your user's manual on page 11. If your top tension is on "S" and it is the side that is too tight, you will need to tighten the bobbin tension, to match the top tension. Tensions are a BALANCE.

The next step needs to be done systematically and carefully. If you don't, you can really make things worse. Set your mind to doing everything step by step--don't get tempted to jump ahead. Take the needle plate off and take out the bobbin case, and locate two screws on the side. One is a Phillips screw--leave it alone. The other is a straight screw--that's the one, and you will need a tiny screwdriver to adjust it.

The rule is "righty-tighty, lefty-loosey." Remember, you are trying to match the top tension! Give the screw on the case no more than 1/4 turn, reinsert and retest. You should see at least a little improvement. Keep doing that until you have balanced your stitches, and DON'T jump ahead! The difference between too tight or too lose is often a very small turn of that screw--especially when you're close.

try changing the needle
rethread the machine top and bobbin
make sure bobbin is turned correctly in the bobbin case
and clean under the needle plate and in the bobbin area for
lint or loose threads

try changing the needle
rethread the machine top & bobbin
make sure the bobbin is inserted correctly into the bobbin case
if these suggestion don't help,,then the machine needs to be
checked by a sewing machine technican to see if it's out of time

Loops on the top of the fabric are signs of the bobbin thread being too loose. Linda at Relics

when bobbin thread shows on top, it means that there's too much tension on top thread.

1. Check if top thread unwinds and feeds up well. Make sure that the spool doesn't slide off horizontal spool pin. If it falls – it creates too high tread tension by not giving the thread to unwind properly.
2. Check that the needle is good, not sticky, and allows the thread to come through it easily. It should have a large enough eye.

post a comment for further assistance.
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It could be different things, the tread may not be locked in the top tension, you may have treads all wrapped up around the bottom bobbin. Take out the bobbin and look, re-thread the entire machine.

When you engage the bobbin winder it has a small rubber in which it makes contact with the driver rubber maybe that is not making contact, to stop the cotton from showing on the top, adjust the small screw on the bobbin holder tighter clockwise.

adjust tension on bobbin

When you say top thread nesting, I supose you mean that the thread is messed up at the top of the needle plate.
If so,
1st, either your bobbin thread is completely loose, or the bobbin thread is not held under the bobbin case spring,
or lint has been accumulated under the bobbin case spring.
2nd, the top thread is very tight,

or both.