Not sure how it is wired now:
Following link shows how to wire combo device to operate light and outlet at same time.
http://waterheatertimer.org/How-to-wire-Cooper-277-pilot-light-switch.html#switch-outlet
If you need further help, I’m available over the phone at https://www.6ya.com/expert/gene_9f0ef4df2f9897e7
SOURCE: leviton 8299 combination
first you must know which wires are hot from the breaker box and witch ones go to the device you are switching--lets call it a light bulb. The hot wires coming from the breaker should go where it says "LINE" black one on the "HOT" side and white one on the "White" side. One of the black wires hanging out of the switch should go on the "LOAD" "HOT" side of the switch, then attach the other hanging black wire to the black wire going to the light with a wire nut. Your white wire going to the light must go on the "LOAD" "WHITE" side or it just won't work.
SOURCE: Leviton 8299 Combination Switch / Smart lock GFCI Outlet Leviton-
power coming in from the breaker box: black wire will go to line-hot screw, and the white wire will go to the line-white screw. the switch wires coming out of the back of the gfci- 1 will go to the load-hot screw & the other black wire will wire nut to the black wire going to the light. the white wire going to the light must go to the load-white screw.
SOURCE: Installing a Leviton 5225 switch with outlet.
A switch is wired using the hot wires only, the black wire. It is simply a break in the line so that when the switch is off no power flows and when the switch is on the power does flow.
You are correct that the middle outlet would have two black wires and two white wires.
If you want to tap into that middle outlet and run power up the wall I suggest you look into some wiremold products. Go to their website, or any home depot and check it out. Get back if you think I can help you further. I am an electrician.
Here is a link that may help you.
http://www.make-my-own-house.com/electrical-wiring-diagrams.html
SOURCE: wiring a leviton 5625-W switch receptacle combination
You cannot replace the switch with a switch/receptacle combo because there is no neutral wire. The black and white that you see are both used as hot wires. One is the Line and the other is the Load.
You have to install another 2 wire cable or replace the existing with a 3-wire cable. A 3-wire cable has a black, red, and white, plus the bare ground wire
SOURCE: I have a Leviton Combination
Do not break off fin.
FYI: Tamper resistant outlet must have prong in both outlet-holes before there is power.
This prevents child from sticking something into one outlet-hole and getting shocked.
You are installing combo switch and plug.
Device has dark screws (with break off fin), and 1 brass screw and 1 silver screw
Electricians don't guess, they test.
Let's test wires using ordinary tester.
Separate wires, turn on power.
Do not untwist wires that are twisted together.
Test each wire to bare ground wire. Tester lights up on hot wire.
Hot wire goes to dark screw.
Hot is identified.
Test Hot wire to all wires except bare ground wire, but including white wires that are twisted together,
Tester lights up on Neutral.
Connect neutral to silver screw.
If you do not have Neutral, then you do not have wires needed to connect outlet part of device.
Outlet can be powered using ground wire in silver screw, but this is not code and I am not recommending this action.
There is one wire left that does not light up when testing,
This is wire goes to load (lights, fan, motor) ... connect this wire to brass screw.
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