What is a disk error - Electronics - Others

I believe you mean "corrupt data". When we have message corrupt data means that something wrongs with hard disk. You can try correct problem running full disk check.

Check your hard disk for errors
You can help solve some computer problems and improve the performance of your computer by verifying that your hard disk has no errors .
Open Computer by clicking the button " Start " and then click Computer.
Right-click the hard drive you want to check, and then click Properties.
Click the Tools tab , and then , under Error-checking , click Check . Administrator permission required If you are prompted for an administrator password or confirmation , type the password or provide confirmation .
To automatically fix problems with files and folders that the scan detects , select Automatically fix file system errors . Otherwise , the disk check will report problems but not solve .
To run a full disk check , select Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors . This scan attempts to find and repair physical errors on the same hard disk and may need more time to complete .
To check for errors in both files and for physical errors , select both check boxes AutoCorrect file system errors and Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors .
Click the Start button .
Depending on the size of your hard disk , this process may take several minutes . For best results, do not use your computer for other tasks while it lasts error checking .
note
If you select the Automatically fix file system errors for a disk that currently in use (for example , the partition that contains Windows), you will be prompted to reschedule the disk check for the next time you restart your computer your .

That means, there's an error reading the files of windows system, or something else to start your Operative System.
Try to reinstall your windows.
If you get errors when you try to install the windows, tell us the error on the installation. It can be an Hard Disk problem and you must replace it.

A cyclic redundancy check error on a hard disk means that part of a file read from the hard disk doesn't match the expected value.
A cyclic redundancy check error, in other words, means that files on your hard drive are corrupted.
Repair a cyclic redundancy check error on a hard disk using the Check Disk tool in Windows.

Click "Start" and click "Computer."
Right-click the hard disk with the cyclic redundancy check error under "Hard Disk Drives" and click "Properties."
Click the "Tools" tab at the top of the hard disk "Properties" window.
Click "Check Now" under "Error Checking."
Select "Automatically Fix File System Errors" and "Scan for and Attempt Recovery of Bad Sectors" in the "Check Disk" window by clicking each option if it isn't already selected.
Start a disk check and repair by clicking "Start" in the "Check Disk" window.
Click "Yes" if the "Do you want to schedule the disk check to occur the next time you restart the computer?" prompt appears.
A disk can't be checked if it's in use, so you'll need to restart Windows to check it.
Restart your computer by clicking "Start," clicking the arrow icon to the right of "Shut Down" and clicking "Restart."
(External drives will not schedule to happen on restart it will happen straight away.)

A cyclic redundancy check error on a hard disk means that part of a file read from the hard disk doesn't match the expected value.
A cyclic redundancy check error, in other words, means that files on your hard drive are corrupted.
Repair a cyclic redundancy check error on a hard disk using the Check Disk tool in Windows.

Click "Start" and click "Computer."
Right-click the hard disk with the cyclic redundancy check error under "Hard Disk Drives" and click "Properties."
Click the "Tools" tab at the top of the hard disk "Properties" window.
Click "Check Now" under "Error Checking."
Select "Automatically Fix File System Errors" and "Scan for and Attempt Recovery of Bad Sectors" in the "Check Disk" window by clicking each option if it isn't already selected.
Start a disk check and repair by clicking "Start" in the "Check Disk" window.
Click "Yes" if the "Do you want to schedule the disk check to occur the next time you restart the computer?" prompt appears.
A disk can't be checked if it's in use, so you'll need to restart Windows to check it.
Restart your computer by clicking "Start," clicking the arrow icon to the right of "Shut Down" and clicking "Restart."
(External drives will not schedule to happen on restart it will happen straight away.)

Error 281 is a disk recognition error, bad disk, scratch on disk or disk contains moisture (dry it)

Try
1.- get out and reload the disk
2.- Clean the disk for Dust / scratch
3.- clean pick up lens (with a soft clooth or a piece cotton

4.- Replace the disk and check if the error message continue.

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This error is caused by the boot device (hard drive, DVD, etc) not having the required Operating System files. You may need to find a different Boot Device, like maybe a DVD, with the boot files on it. Boot from DVD and reinstall HD files.

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this happen when the computer does not detect the hard disk, check the cable and power connections of the hard disk

This error can be a couple of things. If the "boot block" on the disk has become faulty, the system won't recognize that the disk has an operating system on it and will generate this error message. If the disk is defective completely, the same error will occur. If you have a boot floppy or CD, try re-writing the boot block on the disk. If that fails to resolve the problem, the disk is defective and will need to be replaced.

Dan