1. First step is to check if the laptop is overheating:
- Does the bottom feel very hot to the touch
- Is the CPU fan not spinning up
If it is hot to the touch and the CPU fan is not spinning up, this will cause the system to overheat and shutdown as a safety feature. In this case the fan would either need to be cleaned or replaced.
2. Failing hardware can also cause this (i.e. a failing motherboard, CPU, Battery, Power Cable, internal PSU, etc.):
- Did you notice any system freezes or slow down prior to this happening
- Have you noticed a sharp decline in battery life
Try disconnecting the battery and then only use the power supply cable to power up your laptop. If the problem still occurs, then reinsert the battery and remove the power cable and attempt to start up the laptop with only the battery inserted.
3. In some cases this can be caused by a malware (virus) infection. The infections that cause this can sometimes be remedied, but usually require expert assistance and the remediation process is very specific to that type of infection.
- Does it get to the first splash screen (i.e. the BIOS splash screen)
If it doesn't get past (or even to) the BIOS splash screen (usually a Dell Logo) then that would point
towards it being a over heating issue or Power issue.
Having said that, it's more likely a hardware issue (i.e. dead to dying Battery, failing Power cable, broken CPU fan, etc.) instead of a virus infection. Make sure to check the first two steps to get you closer to properly troubleshooting your issue.