Ouch! Sorry to hear that happened on such an expensive device. Its possible that a critical ground or power connection is missing due to the screw being gone. Look for a thru-hole (see first picture) anywhere on the circuit board that shows an imprint of a screw having been in it. Here's a generic photo of what to look for:
This is NOT out of your unit, but similar. Note the one on the right has screw threads. Next, look for any wires that end with a metal "loop" that are just sort of hanging free, like they were once held by a screw. Something the picture below, but of course much smaller. If that fails and you don't find anything, take a close-up picture of it if you can and post it. We might be able to help you see it.
Capacitors are usually Blue or Black (Black on most optoma boards) and look like little cans. In most of the board I have seen online, if you have the power plug port facing you, the caps should be on the far right hand side.
Be very careful when dealing with capacitors, they will hold a charge for a very long time and can be deadly if the pins are shorted.
The Optima HD67 does not have a USB port. It does however have an HDMI port, in which case your camera would also need an HDMI out port in order to connect to the projector.
HDMI and USB look similar, HDMI however is for Audio/Video and plugging a USB cord into it may cause damage to both devices.