First of all, yes, the charcoal filter should generally be replaced every 6-12 months, or as otherwise specified in your owner's manual.
If the filter clogs, that will block air flow, which is
critical to keeping the magnetron cool and safe.
If the magnetron overheats, its thermostat trips, shutting off power to the oven until it cools back to a safe level.
You can remove the filter, then try the oven a couple of times.
If it works right, then you know it's the filter.
If it still fails, then your fan may be out or the magnetron may just be dying.
Also check and be sure your air filters are clean. They can be washed, while the charcoal types cannot.
You can order new filters
here.
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