Hi.
The glow plugs are plugged into the cylinders. They basically do the same that spark plugs do in gasoline/petrol fueled engines.
It is quite rare that glow plugs heater circuits go bad all at once. Test also the wiring harness.
Here a forum that can help you a lot. Picture below is from the tdiclub.com forum in this link:
No, the glow plugs DON'T do the same as spark plugs! A spark plug sparks at the right moment in order to ignite the compressed petrol/air mixture. A glow plug is used to quickly heat the cylinder when starting from cold, so the diesel fuel/air mixture will ignite when further heated by being compressed by the rising piston. Glow plugs are only normally energised for a few seconds on a cold start. Petrol (gas) engines don't have glow plugs, and diesel engines don't have spark plugs! Failed glow plugs will make cold starting of a diesel car more difficult or sometimes impossible.
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