My car stalled on me, then i started it. When i went to drive off the RPM's would go up, but the speed wouldn't. I pulled to the side of the road and the engine cut off on me. It tries to turn over, but it will not start. I replaced the spark plugs, fuel filter, coil pack, and the spark plug wires, and still nothing. I then ran a diagnostic and it said PO133 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response. What does this mean regarding my situation? Would this cause my car to not start?

You need to plug it in to an engine diagnostic computer, it is probably a sensor that needs to be replaced. (Coolant temperature sensor is a probable cause) but you should plug in to engine diagnostic computer.

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a faulty engine coolant temperature will cause vechicle to stall out during climate changing.

Whatever happened, the engine computer sensed it and turned on the light. You will have to have the computer scanned for the trouble codes- a tech or mechanic could then follow the codes to find the problem.

If you lost power steering and all those lights came on, then what you experienced was the engine stalling.
If the car runs well aside from this single incident, then I wouldn't suggest that anything is necessarily wrong. You may have accidentally stalled it perhaps?

You may have a defective neutral safety switch. The switch is located on the outside if the transmission case and it is where the cable connects from the shooter inside the car. This covers the no start, the stall is likely due to a dirty throttle valve and idle speed control valve.

Engine stall or RPM fluctuates at idle.

This problem is commonly caused by a dirty automatic idle speed control valve and throttle valve. Buy a can of throttle valve cleaner (do not use carburetor spray cleaner!) from NAPA or Carquest (made by CRC chemicals) and spray it into the air intake while the engine is running, use up about 1/2 the can, engine will try to stall hold the speed up, shut it down and let it soak for 30 minutes, restart and blow out the remaining fluid, shut it down and disconnect the negative battery cable for 5 Min's to reset the base idle control.
Below is a picture of the switch I mentioned.

Time to rebuild the transmission.

Coolant Leak Hunting Tips Bonus Accord Thermostat Change

Check engine light? I would check the EGR valve and PDFE senor to make sure its not stuck open since this controls idle speed. If it is stuck slightly open car will rev then stall motor does not know idle speed when open. Valve should be closed only time it opens is when your driving down the road.

Clean the battery terminals! The best bet is baking soda, then hose off.

Check to see if the serpentine belt is still on the car.