How to test and the specifications for the TPS

Changing the throttle position sensor (TPS) on your 2002 Kia Optima is a fairly straightforward task, but it's crucial to approach the process with care. Below are general steps to replace the TPS on most vehicles. However, always refer to the specific service manual for your car to ensure you're following the correct procedures.

Tools and Materials Needed:

• Screwdriver or socket set (depending on the type of fasteners used)
• A new throttle position sensor (ensure it's the right part for your vehicle)
• A digital multimeter (optional, for testing the old sensor)

Steps to Change the Throttle Position Sensor:

1. Safety First: Disconnect the negative terminal from the battery. This ensures you won't accidentally cause any electrical shorts or get shocked while working on the vehicle.
2. Locate the TPS: Find the throttle body on your engine - it's usually located between the air filter box and the intake manifold. The TPS is a small sensor, often positioned on the side of the throttle body and connected to the throttle plate shaft.
3. Inspect Electrical Connections: Before removing the TPS, check the wiring and connections for any signs of damage, corrosion, or wear. If you find damaged wires, they'll need to be addressed as well.
4. Remove the TPS: Using the appropriate tool (screwdriver or socket), carefully remove the screws or bolts holding the TPS in place. Some vehicles might have a clip that secures the sensor. If so, carefully detach it.
5. Install the New TPS: Position the new TPS in place, ensuring that it aligns properly with the throttle plate shaft. Attach it using the screws or bolts you removed earlier. Be cautious not to overtighten as you could damage the new sensor.
6. Reconnect Electrical Connections: Plug the wiring harness back into the new TPS. Ensure it's securely connected.
7. Reconnect the Battery: Reconnect the negative terminal to the battery.
8. Test the Installation: Start the car and let it run for a few minutes. Pay attention to any unusual behaviors, such as erratic idling or poor acceleration. If you have a digital multimeter and know how to use it, you can check the TPS's voltage to ensure it's working correctly.
9. Clear any Engine Codes: If you had a check engine light due to the faulty TPS, you might need to clear it using an OBD-II scanner.
10. Test Drive: Once you're sure everything is in order, take the car for a short test drive. Monitor for any issues with throttle response or engine behavior.

Remember, while these are general guidelines, there may be specific details or steps unique to your 2002 Kia Optima. Always consult the vehicle's service manual or consult with a professional mechanic if you're unsure about any part of the process.

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Test the tps using procedure below.


Throttle Position Sensor (TPS)
The Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) is connected to the throttle shaft on the throttle body. It is a potentiometer with one end connected to 5 volts from the VCM and the other to ground. A third wire is connected to the VCM to measure the voltage from the TPS. As the throttle valve angle is changed (accelerator pedal moved), the output of the TPS also changes. At a closed throttle position, the output of the TPS is low (approximately 0.5 volts). As the throttle valve opens, the output increases so that, at wide-open throttle, the output voltage should be approximately 4.5 volts. By monitoring the output voltage from the TPS, the VCM can determine fuel delivery based on throttle valve angle (driver demand).

TESTING


See Figures 1, 2 and 3

Backprobe with a high impedance voltmeter at TPS ground terminal and 5 volt reference signal terminal.
With the key ON and engine off, the voltmeter reading should be approximately 5.0 volts.
If the voltage is not as specified, either the wiring to the TPS or the VCM may be faulty. Correct any wiring or VCM faults before continuing test.
Backprobe with a high impedance voltmeter at the TP signal terminal and the sensor ground terminal.
With the key ON and engine off and the throttle closed, the TPS voltage should be approximately 0.5-1.2 volts.
Verify that the TPS voltage increases or decreases smoothly as the throttle is opened or closed. Make sure to open and close the throttle very slowly in order to detect any abnormalities in the TPS voltage reading.
If the sensor voltage is not as specified, replace the sensor.




Fig. Fig. 1: Common Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) wiring diagram (wire color, terminal identification/location may vary on certain models)





Fig. Fig. 2: Using jumper wires and high impedance voltmeter, test between the sensor ground and reference terminals, the voltage should be approximately 5 volts






Fig. Fig. 3: Next test between the sensor signal and ground terminals, verify that the TPS voltage increases or decreases smoothly as the throttle is opened or closed.


REMOVAL & INSTALLATION

Except 1998-99 2.2L Engines
See Figure 4






Fig. Fig. 4: Common Throttle Position Sensor (TPS)
Disconnect the negative battery cable and remove the air cleaner and if equipped, the gasket and bracket.
Disengage the electrical connector.
Unfasten the two TPS attaching screw assemblies.
Remove the TPS from the throttle body assembly.
Remove the TPS seal.

To install:
Install the TPS seal over the throttle shaft.
With the throttle valve closed, install the TPS on the throttle shaft.
Rotate it counterclockwise, to align the mounting holes.
Install the two TPS attaching screws.
Tighten the screws to 18 inch lbs. (2 Nm).
Engage the electrical connector.
If equipped, install the bracket and gasket air cleaner and gasket.Connect the negative battery cable.

1998-99 2.2L Engines
Disconnect the negative battery cable and remove the air cleaner outlet resonator.Remove the throttle body assembly.Unfasten the two TPS attaching screw assemblies.Remove the TPS from the throttle body assembly. To install:
With the throttle valve closed, install the TPS on the throttle body.Install the two TPS attaching screws. Tighten the screws to 27 inch lbs. (3 Nm).Install the throttle body.Install the air cleaner outlet resonator.Connect the negative battery cable.

How to Test Throttle Position Sensor DIY TPS Diagnostic Procedure Chevy...

TPS throttle position sensor testing

use these

Keep the ignition switch to ON engine OFF. Hook the scanner, diagnostic computer or Techstream and take the reading. With the throttle pedal fully released it should read the TP sensor value between 9.8% to 18%.
It is better to keep the value as close as to 9.8%. To adjust the TP sensor, loosen the two torx screws, and adjust the sensor to the desired value.

Check engine light should be on and an OBD scanner would show a code for TPS. What is the issue?

The 3 wire Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) is mounted on the throttle body and is connected to the throttle blade.
The TPS is a 3wire variable resistor that provides the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) with an input signal (voltage) that represents the throttle blade position of the throttle body. The sensor is connected to the throttle blade shaft. As the position of the throttle blade changes, the resistance (output voltage) of the TPS changes.
The PCM supplies approximately 5 volts to the TPS. The TPS output voltage (input signal to the PCM) represents the throttle blade position. The PCM receives an input signal voltage from the TPS. This will vary in an approximate range of from .26 volts at minimum throttle opening (idle), to 4.49 volts at wide-open throttle. Along with inputs from other sensors, the PCM uses the TPS input to determine current engine operating conditions. In response to engine operating conditions, the PCM will adjust fuel injector pulse width and ignition timing.
The PCM needs to identify the actions and position of the throttle blade at all times. This information is needed to assist in performing the following calculations:

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• HOME
• REPAIR INFO
• 2001 JEEP GRAND CHEROKEE 4WD 4.0L MFI 6CYL REPAIR GUIDE
• ENGINE PERFORMANCE & EMISSION CONTROLS
• COMPONENTS & SYSTEMS
• THROTTLE POSITION SENSOR

Cherokee, Grand Cherokee, 1999-2005
Throttle Position Sensor

• OPERATION
• REMOVAL & INSTALLATION

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Operation

The 3 wire Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) is mounted on the throttle body and is connected to the throttle blade.
The TPS is a 3wire variable resistor that provides the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) with an input signal (voltage) that represents the throttle blade position of the throttle body. The sensor is connected to the throttle blade shaft. As the position of the throttle blade changes, the resistance (output voltage) of the TPS changes.
The PCM supplies approximately 5 volts to the TPS. The TPS output voltage (input signal to the PCM) represents the throttle blade position. The PCM receives an input signal voltage from the TPS. This will vary in an approximate range of from .26 volts at minimum throttle opening (idle), to 4.49 volts at wide-open throttle. Along with inputs from other sensors, the PCM uses the TPS input to determine current engine operating conditions. In response to engine operating conditions, the PCM will adjust fuel injector pulse width and ignition timing.
The PCM needs to identify the actions and position of the throttle blade at all times. This information is needed to assist in performing the following calculations:


Ignition timing advance Fuel injection pulse-width Idle (learned value or minimum TPS) Off-idle (0.06 volt) Wide Open Throttle (WOT) open loop (2.608 volts above learned idle voltage) Deceleration fuel lean out Fuel cutoff during cranking at WOT (2.608 volts above learned idle voltage) A/C WOT cutoff (certain automatic transmissions only)

Removal & Installation

3.7L & 4.0L

1. Disconnect TPS electrical connector.
2. Remove TPS mounting screws.
3. Remove TPS.

To Install:
The TPS is mounted to the throttle body. The throttle shaft end of throttle body slides into a socket in the TPS. The TPS must be installed so that it can be rotated a few degrees. (If sensor will not rotate, install sensor with throttle shaft on other side of socket tangs). The TPS will be under slight tension when rotated.

1. Install TPS and retaining screws.
2. Tighten screws to 7 Nm (60 inch lbs.) torque.
3. Connect TPS electrical connector to TPS.
4. Manually operate throttle (by hand) to check for any TPS binding before starting engine.

4.7L

1. Remove air duct and air resonator box at throttle body.
2. Disconnect TPS electrical connector.
3. Remove two TPS mounting bolts (screws).
4. Remove TPS from throttle body.

To Install:
The throttle shaft end of throttle body slides into a socket in TPS. The TPS must be installed so that it can be rotated a few degrees. If sensor will not rotate, install sensor with throttle shaft on other side of socket tangs. The TPS will be under slight tension when rotated.

1. Install TPS and two retaining bolts.
2. Tighten bolts to 7 Nm (60 inch lbs.) torque.
3. Manually operate throttle control lever by hand to check for any binding of TPS.
4. Connect TPS electrical connector to TPS.
5. Install air duct/air box to throttle body.

Hope this helps

Hi.

The problem is regarding TPS (throttle position sensor located in throttle body). Both codes are TPS voltage out of range (low and high) If you get both codes at once, then :

TPS may be defective,
wiring to TPS may be shorted to ground.
There may be a problem in the +5V circuit powering the TPS.
There may be a problem with ECU connector.

Check the TPS (Throttle position sensor) wire lead and replace the TPS if any signs of damage or failure.

The Throttle Position Sensor (TPS) is used to send input signals to the Powertrain Control Module (PCM) to indicate the current angle of the throttle blade.

Theory/Operation:
This sensor is a variable resistor that has a 5 volt reference signal applied to it by the PCM. The TPS sends signals back to the PCM in the range of approximately 1 to 4 volts, depending upon the throttle shaft angle. The PCM uses these input voltages to determine the current position of the throttle.
The PCM uses the voltage signals from the TPS and other input sensors to determine the proper air/fuel mixture and ignition timing for certain operating conditions. Some of these operating conditions are: acceleration, deceleration, idle, and wide open throttle.


Typical Readings:
An input voltage of approximately 1 volt indicates a minimum throttle opening, idle, or deceleration condition. An input voltage of approximately 2 volts indicates a cruise or light acceleration condition. An input voltage of approximately 4 volts would indicate a maximum throttle opening or wide open throttle condition.
NOTE: The following procedure tests the TPS only.

1. The TPS can be tested with an analog voltmeter. The center terminal of the TPS is the output terminal.
2. With the ignition key in the ON position, check the TPS output voltage at the center terminal wire of the connector. Check this at idle (throttle plate closed), and at wide open throttle (WOT).
   • At idle, TPS output voltage should be approximately one volt. The output voltage should increase gradually as the throttle plate is slowly opened from idle to WOT.
   • At wide open throttle, TPS output should be approximately 4.5 volts.

As always, check the service manual for the proper procedures and specifications for your particular vehicle.

Thank you using Fixya and good luck.

You might try testing the tps. It may have a dead spot at the high end of the throttle opening. Make sure the resistance continues to change as you open the throttle all the way.

Throttle Position Sensor

Operation The throttle position sensor is a rotating type variable resistor that rotates with the throttle body-s throttle shaft to sense the throttle valve angle. As the throttle shaft rotates, the throttle angle of the sensor changes and the ECM/PCM detects the throttle valve opening based on the TPS output voltage.
Removal & Installation

1. Disconnect the negative battery cable.
2. Disconnect the sensor connector.
3. Remove the sensor retaining screws. Remove the sensor from its mounting.

To install:

1. Installation is the reverse of the removal procedure.

Testing 2.4L Engine

1. Disconnect the sensor connector.
2. Measure the resistance between terminal 1 (sensor ground) and terminal 2 (sensor power).
3. Specification should be 3.5-6.5 kohm.
4. Connect and analog ohmmeter between terminal 1 (sensor ground) and terminal 3 (sensor output).
5. Operate the throttle valve slowly from the idle position to the full open position, and check that the resistance changes smoothly in proportion with the throttle valve opening angle.
6. If the resistance is out of specification, or fails to change smoothly, replace the sensor.

2.7L Engine

1. Disconnect the sensor connector.
2. Measure the resistance between terminal 2 (sensor ground) and terminal 1 (sensor power).
3. Specification should be 3.5-6.5 kohm.
4. Connect and analog ohmmeter between terminal 2 (sensor ground) and terminal 3 (sensor output).
5. Operate the throttle valve slowly from the idle position to the full open position, and check that the resistance changes smoothly in proportion with the throttle valve opening angle.
6. If the resistance is out of specification, or fails to change smoothly, replace the sensor.

1. Disconnect the sensor connector.
2. Measure the resistance between terminal 2 (sensor ground) and terminal 1 (sensor power).
3. Specification should be 1.6-2.4 kohm.
4. Connect and analog ohmmeter between terminal 2 (sensor ground) and terminal 3 (sensor output).
5. Operate the throttle valve slowly from the idle position to the full open position, and check that the resistance changes smoothly in proportion with the throttle valve opening angle.
6. If the resistance is out of specification, or fails to change smoothly, replace the sensor.

3.5L Engine

1. Disconnect the sensor connector.
2. Measure the resistance between terminal 3 (sensor ground) and terminal 1 (sensor power).
3. Specification should be 3.5-6.5 kohm.
4. Connect and analog ohmmeter between terminal 3 (sensor ground) and terminal 2 (sensor output).
5. Operate the throttle valve slowly from the idle position to the full open position, and check that the resistance changes smoothly in proportion with the throttle valve opening angle.
6. If the resistance is out of specification, or fails to change smoothly, replace the sensor.