I crank it and the car run but die instantly

ok take a deep breath. 2005 CADDY 4.6l
first off I bet the alternator is dead. and with that all batteries go dead. too. (as they must)
driving with the CHARGE lamp glowing does that.
the scan tool fails because of 4 reasons,

1. blow fuses, to the scanner port pin 16
2. or fuse to PCM blown or BCM or other computers no board.
3. the scan too is too old. 2008 and newer tools do CAN-BUS or fails communications lack those pins working. DLC.
4. the battery is dead, or below 10vdc. all brains in the car GO OFFLINE< (for the lack of proper voltage power)

THIS CADDY USE GMLAN , That is Can_bus (plus)
so use a thing called a battery charger, no shop can fix cars lacking that.? keep the battery charged, then scan
every service manual on earth 1996 to now USA states that.
battery charged, fuses all good .
try to crank it in PARK and Neutral. both.<<< starter dead do that.
P0340 ???? there lots of other CMP codes errors.
DTCs P0010, P0011, P0013, P0014, P0020, P0021, P0023, P0024, P0341, P0342, P0343, P0346, P0347, P0348, P0366, P0367, P0368, P0391, P0392, P0393, P2088, P2089, P2090, P2091, P2092, P2093, P2094, and P2095

CMP errors , P03xx codes, why not tell all codes and for sure this.
do not use 1996 scan tools they are no good, now. lots of codes now for sure massive OEM DTC codes.

when the battery dies all learned cam sensors fail until RE-LEARNED
the DTC table is full of NOT learned errors.
and is not related to dead starter motor ever.
the starter works like this on this car told below.

STARTER path (electical) I have the real schematic here.

battery charges cable lugs all tight and clean, 300amp ready to flow.
starter fuse 30amp FL6 not blown out.
there are 2 starter relays here.
Run crank relay not bad or its. FU27 fuse not blown 10amps
FU27 sends 12v to relay named coil starter 2nd RELAY
The ECM send ground other coil side (P/N) and 2nd RelaY ENERGIZES. AND SENDS 1VDC TO STARTER SOLENIOD
AND SHE CRANKS.

The only thing is the tranny park neutral switch must work in P or N selected or ECU will block the starter relay 2 dead.

yes DTC can set like this (starter)

Trouble Code: P0615 (4.6L V8 VIN A Auto)
Starter Relay Control Circuit 616
617
never fail to try cranking in Neutral too, foot on brake.
not just PARK

Here's a link on your P0341 code. http://repairpal.com/obd-ii-code-http://repairpal.com/obd-ii-code-P0341

http://www.obd-codes.com/p0341

P0300 is multiple misfire. The corrective action for this code would be to test your fuel pressure and the injectors. P0301, P0302, P0303 is saying in certain cylinders there is a misfire. There are two different engines so I wasn't sure which one you have and couldn't give you the correct testing procedures for the coils. P0341 is saying the camshaft position sensor readings are bad. Again I am unable to give you the correct tests to check this due to not knowing your engine size. Feel free to email me at [email protected] with detailed information about your vehicle and I will be happy to email you the testing procedures to narrow down the problem and help you solve it.

Generic OBD II Diagnostic Trouble Codes

DTC CODES P0300 to P0399

P0300....Random/Multiple Cylinder Misfire Detected

P0301....Cylinder 1 Misfire Detected

P0302....Cylinder 2 Misfire Detected

P0303....Cylinder 3 Misfire Detected

P0304....Cylinder 4 Misfire Detected

P0305....Cylinder 5 Misfire Detected

P0306....Cylinder 6 Misfire Detected

P0307....Cylinder 7 Misfire Detected

P0308....Cylinder 8 Misfire Detected

P0309....Cylinder 9 Misfire Detected

P0310....Cylinder 10....Misfire Detected

P0311....Cylinder 11 Misfire Detected

P0312....Cylinder 12 Misfire Detected

P0313....Misfire Detected with Low Fuel

P0314....Single Cylinder Misfire (Cylinder not Specified)

P0320....Ignition/Distributor Engine Speed Input Circuit

P0321....Ignition/Distributor Engine Speed Input Circuit Range/Performance

P0322....Ignition/Distributor Engine Speed Input Circuit No Signal

P0323....Ignition/Distributor Engine Speed Input Circuit Intermittent

P0324....Knock Control System Error

P0325....Knock Sensor 1 Circuit (Bank 1 or Single Sensor)

P0326....Knock Sensor 1 Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1 or Single Sensor)

P0327....Knock Sensor 1 Circuit Low Input (Bank 1 or Single Sensor)

P0328....Knock Sensor 1 Circuit High Input (Bank 1 or Single Sensor)

P0329....Knock Sensor 1 Circuit Input Intermittent (Bank 1 or Single Sensor)

P0330....Knock Sensor 2 Circuit (Bank 2)

P0331....Knock Sensor 2 Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2)

P0332....Knock Sensor 2 Circuit Low Input (Bank 2)

P0333....Knock Sensor 2 Circuit High Input (Bank 2)

P0334....Knock Sensor 2 Circuit Input Intermittent (Bank 2)

P0335....Crankshaft Position Sensor A Circuit

P0336....Crankshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Range/Performance

P0337....Crankshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Low Input

P0338....Crankshaft Position Sensor A Circuit High Input

P0339....Crankshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Intermittent

P0340....Camshaft Position Sensor 'A' Circuit (Bank 1 or Single Sensor)

P0341 Camshaft Position Sensor 'A' Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 1 or Single Sensor)

P0342....Camshaft Position Sensor 'A' Circuit Low Input (Bank 1 or Single Sensor)

P0343....Camshaft Position Sensor 'A' Circuit High Input (Bank 1 or Single Sensor)

P0344....Camshaft Position Sensor 'A' Circuit Intermittent (Bank 1 or Single Sensor)

P0345....Camshaft Position Sensor 'A' Circuit (Bank 2)

P0346....Camshaft Position Sensor 'A' Circuit Range/Performance (Bank 2)

P0347....Camshaft Position Sensor 'A' Circuit Low Input (Bank 2)

P0348....Camshaft Position Sensor 'A' Circuit High Input (Bank 2)

P0349....Camshaft Position Sensor 'A' Circuit Intermittent (Bank 2)

P0350....Ignition Coil Primary/Secondary Circuit

when your engine went into that 5 second sputter,
your computer or "PCM" did not get a constant signal from the crank or cam sensors that the engine was running.
These two sensors tell the computer what RPM the engine is turning so it can adjust fuel and spark.

ok now for starters, we will go with the most probable:P0341 crank position sensor. chances are it needs to be replaced. 2nd your check engine light has probably been on for a while right?! the P0133 is an o2 sensor code and would probably be good maintenance(but get it to run first. 3rd P1599 refers to it stalling out which if it died while running would most likely trigger this. and last but not least either your coolant level switch is faulty or you really do have low coolant. let me know.

P0300 is a random misfire code not a Crank Sensor Code. Alot of cars don't rely on the crank sensor for fuel and ignition timing but simply to check misfires. However, some cars do need the crank signal to stay running. It's possible that the sensor has an intermittent short or open in it and the car is dying when the signal is lost. If i remember correctly the crank sensor on a 3.8 is behind the harmonic balancer. So that would require removing the drive belt and balancer to get to it. Not a real challenging procedure but it will likely require the use of a harmonic balancer puller.

I broke down and purchased a new crank shaft sensor . It cost $15000 hated to spend it because everbody told me they just don't fail , and why would it when it worked fine before the motor was rebuilt. IT FIXED IT.