On the bobbin casing there is a little screw, you will just need to tighten that. a very tiny bit at a time tighten it though. then pull on the thread and see if you have enough tension.
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Remove the thread from the machine. ALWAYS RAISE the presser foot and rethread the machine from the beginning. Verify the path is correct. The standard tension setting is the midway point although you will most likely need to tweak this for your particular machine.
If you are still having problems, you may need to readjust the bobbin tension.
Be sure the machine is threaded properly. Also, the presser foot MUST be raised before threading so the thread will seat properly in the tension disk.
The standard setting for the upper tension is the midway point between the high and low number.
If the bobbin thread is still way too loose, you can try adjusting (tightening) the bobbin case tension. If that does not fix the problem, you can probably try purchasing a new bobbin case for your machine as the old one may be broken or worn.
Usually, tightening the upper tension will pull the bobbin thread up. Tension is correct when both upper thread and bobbin thread meet in the middle of the fabric.
However, perhaps the bobbin tension is either too loose or defective/broken. Try adjusting the bobbin tension tighter and retest. If it doesn't appear to be making any progress, then service may be your option. Or perhaps picking up a new bobbin case for your machine will be a less expensive fix (BTW, having an extra bobbin case is a good idea).
the bobbin tension is set by that small spring plate that you pull the thread under after you put the bobbin back in the carrier / holder
a very small turn of that screw makes a big difference ob the tension unlike the needle thread tension
mostly the problem ( you never bothered to mention the symptom ) is bird nesting under the fabric which is the needle thread tension not tight enough
Do you mean the stitching on the top of the work was loose? If so, you should check the bobbin tension. Make sure you have the thread pulled under the tension plate or spring on the bobbin case. Tension should be just enough that you can suspend the bobbin in the case by the thread (think yo-yo). Upper tension should be tighter than lower. Make sure you put the presser foot down.
There is a tiny screw on the side of the bobbin case.
Mark the **** (in the screw head) position on the bobbin case with tiny dab of nail polish so you will know where the original setting was.
Left/loose and right/tight.
If you are adjusting because the bottom stitching is loose/loopy, first try threading the machine with the presser foot up to see if this solves the problem.
If the thread is looping underneath, you're top tension may be too loose or the thread may not be in the take-up lever. If it's looping on top, double check that the thread is in the bobbin tension or that the bobbin tension isn't too loose.
when you say "bobbin tension is loose" do you mean that the thread bunches up under the fabric? If yes, then your UPPER tension is wrong and it's probably not threaded correctly.
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