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I like to adjust with 2 colors, then you know which is from the spool, and which one is from the bobbin.
Most bobbin shuttles have a small screw to adjust the tension.
It sounds like your upper thread is adjusted too tight, but only if the loops around it (from the bottom thread) are tight and small. If those loops around the top thread are loose, then you need to tighten the shuttle screw. ;)
I notice this happens to me if I change thread types, also if I sew different thickness of cloth on the same settings. I tend to adjust until the point of breaking thread, then loosen the top a teeny bit.
try changing the needle rethread the machine top & bobbin make sure the top thread has not come off the thread take up lever clean under the needle plate & in the bobbin area for lint or loose thread
Think in opposites... the top stitch is formed by the bottom thread tension and the bottom of the stitch by the top. So either the bobbin thread is too tight or the top thread is too loose. Check the bobbin thread first as that is the one most overlook. It should come out of the bobbin without having to yank it hard but it should have a little resistance.
hi! this particular problem is common when tension and stiches adjustment does not match and complied to fabrics your trying to sew,there a is hard way to find manual specialy to old ones. but if you want it may help you some i got here on manual sears 1803.if your control look similar to this in figure there are stitch control one for straight stitching and one
on special stitching.the small dial near needle is tension dial.You can set tension on # 3 to 5
stitch dial as in figureif you are
sewing a straight stiches set to # 8 to 12 trial are needed somtimes to acquired smooth sewing,Be sure no mechanical problem regarding in machine operation.try to sew a cotton fabric for trial then if sewing another fabrics sudden adjustment should be done.If your machine is equipted by auto tension just select on the fabrics.well small information can sometime helpfull ...nice sewing
there are stitch control one for straight stitching and one 
if you are
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