What kind of dado blade can I use on my craftsman 10 inch table saw model no. 137.248100/ with stand

You have a 5/8" diameter arbor. You can use any dado blade that will fit. That said here's a few things to bear in mind.

8" diameter dado stacks are pretty standard for 10" contractor table saws. A dado stack is typically about 13/16" wide at most. It makes sense that the wider your blade is, the more power it takes to cut through the wood.

If you were to use the full width capacity of your Dado stack (13/16") a 10" diameter stack would bog down. A 8" stack has a faster rotation at the cutting edge because of its smaller radius. So, you don't bog down when you're making a wider cut if you use a smaller diameter.

If your machine was really underpowered, you could go down to a 6" stack which would cut your power requirements even more, but limits the depth of cut.

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