The likely culprit is the door switch on fridges in general. This because it is basically the only moving part in the circuit. Depending on it's location, it may be subjected to condensation, extremes of temperatures or even spilled liquids that dry and become sticky - resulting in the switch not popping out when the door is opened. Also inspect the light bulb socket itself for dampness or white, flaky dust-like particles. Do NOT attempt to clean the socket while the fridge is plugged in. These last two possibilities should be checked first, as the others are a little more involved.
If the door switch pops out with the door open - it means the internal workings of the switch are probably bad, or may be something else entirely. Locating the problem will require disconnecting the power cord and disassembling parts of the fridge in order to gain access to the switch terminals and related wiring. In the case of dampness or other debris in the light socket, it can be wiped clean now that the fridge is unplugged. Try a new bulb in the socket and plugging the fridge back in before proceeding. A meter and understanding of electrical test equipment along with the fridge's service manual will be needed to continue from here with the fridge unplugged again.
Even without a meter (and the rest of the items listed above) you could simply remove and replace the switch if it is suspect - and hope that it was the cause of the failure. Pay attention to orientation of the switch, any clips, screws or fasteners holding the switch in place. Disconnect wiring only after sketching or photographing the switch and the wires that are connected to each of the terminals. Remove and replace the switch and wiring. Plug back in and test the light.
Good luck - I hope this was helpful!
1st- for the heck of it just try a different bulb. Sometimes just the way a bulb lays will make a bad bulb work for a bit.
2nd- look around the door jam when you open the door for a switch and fiddle with it.
3rd- if you can remove the switch and are handy grab an ohmeter and test the resistance of the switch open, and closed position.
or bite it and call the tech...
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