Single speed bikes are often known as Fixed gear or fixie bikes.
But Most people don't know the difference between a fixie and a single speed bike.
It's all in the hub
Mechanically, the difference is so small that you might not spot it even when you are looking for it. It all comes down to the rear hub and how the single cog is connected to the rest of the drivetrain. Single speeds are fitted with a freewheel cog that rotates freely one way but locks up the other. This means that the cog will turn the rear wheel when you pump those pedals, but then freewheel when the rear wheel starts turning faster than the cog - much like a geared bike.
When it comes to Fixies, it has no mechanism on the hub. The cog is fixed into the hub. If the rear wheel turns, the cog turns, and if the cog turns, the pedals turn with that. I admit the difference is not so small, but one that has a huge effect on how a bike rides and requires some consideration before you decide on a bike.
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A fixed gear bike is a type of single speed bike. Single speed is in reference to a bicycle with one gear ratio, meaning one rear cog and one chain-ring size. this includes fixed gear bicycles and excludes internally geared rear hubs which may look just like a single speed bicycle at first glance.
Some people use the term single speed to only refer to a bicycle with a freewheel.
a fixed gear is a bicycle with the cog being directly threaded on the rear wheel and kept in place with a lockring. any rotation of the cog causes a rotation in the rear wheel, whether it be a forward or backward rotation. whereas a freewheel only causes a forward rotation on the wheel when the rider pedals forward and it spins freely or "Freewheels" when the rider pedals backward.
Flip-flop hubs are available which will have one side threaded for a fixed cog and the other for a freewheel. to change between fixed or free, the user simply removes the wheel and flips it and installs.
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A fixed gear has no freewheel in the rear sprocket a single speed has a freewheel in the rear sprocket both have only one single gear
SOURCE: I need to set my bicycle chain on a single gear
well there is a place on the chain that can unlink. it might be hard to find but it is there. then simply wrap it around the single gear.
Google bicycle shifting technique, for example:
http://coachlevi.com/cycling/complete-beginner-guide-to-bicycle-gears-shifting/
The basics of shifting are these: 1) The big ring and right side of the cassette in back are for speed. 2) The small ring and the left side of the cassette are for high torque, lower speed 3) The middle ring works with all rear cogs. Avoid crossing left front to right rear and vice-cersa. It cause excess side loads on the chain.
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Great question. A single-speed has a freewheel and easy to ride but a fixed-gear has no and not easy to ride as beginner.
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