If we are measuring Ra value in multi time in a same place then every time Ra value become different. why this happen ?

1. Fuel pump failure
2. Crank or cam sensor failure
3. Ignition system failure
4. Charging system failure
5. ECM failure

If plug an plug wire has been replaced , an dist. cap an rotor an problem is still there ,maybe a fuel injector problem .
Perform the fuel injector coil test. Refer to Fuel Injector Solenoid Coil Test .
A fuel injector coil winding resistance that is too high or too low will affect engine drivability. A fuel injector control circuit DTC may not set, but a misfire may be apparent. The fuel injector coil windings are affected by temperature. The resistance of the fuel injector coil windings will increase as the temperature of the fuel injector increases.
Diagnostic Aids
?€¢
Monitoring the misfire current counters, or misfire graph, may help to isolate the fuel injector that is causing the condition.

?€¢
Operating the vehicle over a wide temperature range may help isolate the fuel injector that is causing the condition.

?€¢
Perform the fuel injector coil test within the conditions of the customer's concern. A fuel injector condition may only be apparent at a certain temperature, or under certain conditions.

2

Observe the ECT Sensor parameter with a scan tool.
Is the ECT Sensor parameter within the specified range?
10-32?°C (50-90?°F)
Go to Step 3
Go to Step 4

3

1. Disconnect the multi-way harness connector of the fuel injectors.
2. Measure the resistance of each fuel injector between the ignition 1 circuit and the fuel injector control circuit, at the multi-way connector with a DMM. Refer to Testing for Continuity in Wiring Systems.

Is the resistance within the specified range for each injector?
11-14 ohms
Go to Fuel Injector Balance Test with Special Tool or Fuel Injector Balance Test with Tech 2
Go to Step 6

4

1. Disconnect the multi-way harness connector of the fuel injectors.
2. Measure the resistance of each fuel injector between the ignition 1 voltage circuit and the fuel injector control circuit, at the multi-way connector with a DMM. Refer to Testing for Continuity in Wiring Systems.
3. Record each fuel injector resistance value.
4. Subtract the lowest resistance value from the highest resistance value.

Is the difference equal to, or less than, the specified value?
3 ohms
Go to Fuel Injector Balance Test with Special Tool or Fuel Injector Balance Test with Tech 2
Go to Step 5

This sounds like an issue I had. check out this site

You can try to handle this several ways. The MAP sensor as a stand alone part can be bad. But the Code for the MAP defect is made when other signals do not agree with the MAP values. For instance, the Throttle position is different than what the MAP thinks it should be- you get a MAP Code instead of a Throttle Code. If an O2 reading disagrees with the MAP values, you get a MAP Code instead of a O2 Code.

So as you may be able to start to see, you could replace the MAP and the old one could be good. But if the new MAP kills the Code, the old MAP was probably bad.

The MAP measures absolute pressure in the manifold. This is measured in several ways, pretty much how air pressure should be at the throttle flap compared to upstream and downstream.

The MAP is a simple component, another Expert may be able to say whether "Flashing" any part of the Computer controls will fix this. Some computer parts are "Read Only" , some can be rewritten.
Sometimes something happens to a computer and values are lost.

A better scanner can investigate your engine and actually show the measurements for the different components. Scanners like these can take out the guesswork so a technician knows if the MAP is accurately reading the measurements or not.

You can just get lucky and replace the MAP. Then if it does not help, get a Technician. Clear the computer by disconnecting 1 battery cable for 10 minutes.

If the socket has been removed, and just wires left. Your best option would be to buy a socket from a junkyard for a few bucks from the same make/model. I know in most cases the top is for sensors +/- left to right and the bottom is for the heater +/- left to right. I currently don't have a service manual for a 00 cougar on hand. (however if I find one I'll post the wiring diagram) Usually the best place to call for that information is a service center that mainly deals with Mercury/Ford/Lincoln cars, they usually will have the manufacturer service manual which includes ALL information about the car. In most cases you'll find that they are nice and will give you that information without issue. You also "might" be able to use a voltmeter to tell the wires apart. Just don't short the wires while testing. I'll try to find that information for you some time soon.

Need a bit more information, Is the security light on, have you checked for spark and fuel pressure, just in case you did and know it is the passlock system then check this out, hopefully it will ansewer your problem, please rate your mechanics help.
have a great day. Sorry the pictures won't come up, but check out the site

GM Passlock I & II Information
Please study the following information carefully WHEN INSTALLING REMOTE START systems on a 1996 or later GM car or truck.
Introduced in 1996, GM has changed the VATS anti theft system to Pass-Lock system. This is a similar device to the VATS system, in that there is a resistor present during the start cycle. However, in the PASSLOCK system, the resistor has been placed inside the ignition switch, instead of the key. See the GM V.A.T.S page for more information.
To remotely start a car with this feature, you must bypass the PASSLOCK system. There are two methods of doing so.. The first, is to permanently bypass this system. This is the easiest method for accomplishing your task. The second way, is to temporarily bypass the PASSLOCK, by introducing relays into the system, which retain all of the features of the system, while allowing your remotes start module to bypass it automatically during a remote start cycle.
Vehicles effected
(1996 and newer): N & J body cars, such as
Pontiac Sunfire and GrandAm Passlock-1
Chevrolet Cavalier Passlock-1
Buick Skylark Passlock-1
Oldsmobile Achieva Passlock-1

1997 or newer
Chevrolet Malibu Passlock-II
Oldsmobile Cutlass Passlock-II

1998 or newer
All trucks , SUVs and Vans Passlock-II

It is important to pay special attention to the fact that there are many different ways of achieving the same goal. There are actually 2 different Passlock-II systems. On the next page, there are tests to establish which type of passlock-II your car has.

Relays shown are standard automotive 5 pin spdt relays, available from IEI.
A multi meter is required to measure the resistance values. Accuracy is important within 5%.

Once the value of the resistor is measured, a resistor of the same value +/-5% must be purchased (Radio Shack, for example). You can also use a Potentiometer (POT), which can be adjusted to the same value of the resistor in the ignition switch.

Passlock-I bypass procedure....

1: Remove the top and bottom shrouds from the steering column.
2: Find the 3 wire ribbon cable, coming from the ignition switch, containing White, Black, Yellow (Sometimes White, Black, Black). These are THIN wires.
3: Locate the Black 6 position connector on the LEFT side of the steering column, right above the ignition switch position. There is a BLACK (Thin) wire in this connector, called "Bulb Test", which shows Ground with ignition in the Off position, OPEN in the "Run" position, and GROUND in the "Crank" position.
4: Turn the ignition switch to the "Run" position. Do not crank the car.
5: Cut the Thin Yellow wire and strip both ends.
6: Without cutting the Black wire, expose some of the copper.
7: Using the ohmmeter, measure from the Yellow wire (the end coming from the ignition switch), to the exposed Black wire and record the value. Measure more than once to assure you have the right value.
8: Acquire the same size resistor and 3 relays, and perform the connections shown in the diagram below.

PASSLOCK-II bypass procedure

There are 2 types of Passlock-II systems. To determine which system you have, follow these instructions;

1: Locate two wires, which are THIN and are in the main ignition harness.. Orange/Black (or Black) and Yellow.
2: Cut the Yellow wire, and strip back some of the insulation from the Orange/Black (Or Black) wires.
3: Turn the ignition to the "Run" position ( don't crank the starter). Measure and record the value measured from the KEY SIDE of the Yellow wire, to the Black/Orange wire.
4: Turn the key to the "Crank" position and release. Now read the value again.
5: If the value changed, follow "Method#1". If the value stayed the same, follow "Method#2".



These diagrams are from our friends at ALARMTEK AUTO ALARM
Need additional assistance?

Need a bit more information, Is the security light on, have you checked for spark and fuel pressure, just in case you did and know it is the passlock system then check this out, hopefully it will ansewer your problem, please rate your mechanics help.
have a great day. Sorry the pictures won't come up, but check out the site
GM Passlock I & II Information
Please study the following information carefully WHEN INSTALLING REMOTE START systems on a 1996 or later GM car or truck.
Introduced in 1996, GM has changed the VATS anti theft system to Pass-Lock system. This is a similar device to the VATS system, in that there is a resistor present during the start cycle. However, in the PASSLOCK system, the resistor has been placed inside the ignition switch, instead of the key. See the GM V.A.T.S page for more information.
To remotely start a car with this feature, you must bypass the PASSLOCK system. There are two methods of doing so.. The first, is to permanently bypass this system. This is the easiest method for accomplishing your task. The second way, is to temporarily bypass the PASSLOCK, by introducing relays into the system, which retain all of the features of the system, while allowing your remotes start module to bypass it automatically during a remote start cycle.
Vehicles effected
(1996 and newer): N & J body cars, such as
Pontiac Sunfire and GrandAm Passlock-1
Chevrolet Cavalier Passlock-1
Buick Skylark Passlock-1
Oldsmobile Achieva Passlock-1
1997 or newer
Chevrolet Malibu Passlock-II
Oldsmobile Cutlass Passlock-II
1998 or newer
All trucks , SUVs and Vans Passlock-II
It is important to pay special attention to the fact that there are many different ways of achieving the same goal. There are actually 2 different Passlock-II systems. On the next page, there are tests to establish which type of passlock-II your car has.
Relays shown are standard automotive 5 pin spdt relays, available from IEI.
A multi meter is required to measure the resistance values. Accuracy is important within 5%.
Once the value of the resistor is measured, a resistor of the samevalue +/-5% must be purchased (Radio Shack, for example). You can also use a Potentiometer (POT), which can be adjusted to the same value of the resistor in the ignition switch.

Passlock-I bypass procedure....

1: Remove the top and bottom shrouds from the steering column.
2: Find the 3 wire ribbon cable, coming from the ignition switch, containing White, Black, Yellow (Sometimes White, Black, Black). These are THIN wires.
3: Locate the Black 6 position connector on the LEFT side of the steering column, right above the ignition switch position. There is a BLACK (Thin) wire in this connector, called "Bulb Test", which shows Ground with ignition in the Off position, OPEN in the "Run" position, and GROUND in the "Crank" position.
4: Turn the ignition switch to the "Run" position. Do not crank the car.
5: Cut the Thin Yellow wire and strip both ends.
6: Without cutting the Black wire, expose some of the copper.
7: Using the ohmmeter, measure from the Yellow wire (the end coming from the ignition switch), to the exposed Black wire and record the value. Measure more than once to assure you have the right value.
8: Acquire the same size resistor and 3 relays, and perform the connections shown in the diagram below.

PASSLOCK-II bypass procedure

There are 2 types of Passlock-II systems. To determine which system you have, follow these instructions;

1: Locate two wires, which are THIN and are in the main ignition harness.. Orange/Black (or Black) and Yellow.
2: Cut the Yellow wire, and strip back some of the insulation from the Orange/Black (Or Black) wires.
3: Turn the ignition to the "Run" position ( don't crank the starter). Measure and record the value measured from the KEY SIDE of the Yellow wire, to the Black/Orange wire.
4: Turn the key to the "Crank" position and release. Now read the value again.
5: If the value changed, follow "Method#1". If the value stayed the same, follow "Method#2".



These diagrams are from our friends at ALARMTEK AUTO ALARM

If it is your security system you might want this, and please rate your mechanics help, Have a good day.


GM Passlock I & II Information
Please study the following information carefully WHEN INSTALLING REMOTE START systems on a 1996 or later GM car or truck.
Introduced in 1996, GM has changed the VATS anti theft system to Pass-Lock system. This is a similar device to the VATS system, in that there is a resistor present during the start cycle. However, in the PASSLOCK system, the resistor has been placed inside the ignition switch, instead of the key. See the GM V.A.T.S page for more information.
To remotely start a car with this feature, you must bypass the PASSLOCK system. There are two methods of doing so.. The first, is to permanently bypass this system. This is the easiest method for accomplishing your task. The second way, is to temporarily bypass the PASSLOCK, by introducing relays into the system, which retain all of the features of the system, while allowing your remotes start module to bypass it automatically during a remote start cycle.
Vehicles effected
(1996 and newer): N & J body cars, such as
Pontiac Sunfire and GrandAm Passlock-1
Chevrolet Cavalier Passlock-1
Buick Skylark Passlock-1
Oldsmobile Achieva Passlock-1

1997 or newer
Chevrolet Malibu Passlock-II
Oldsmobile Cutlass Passlock-II

1998 or newer
All trucks , SUVs and Vans Passlock-II

It is important to pay special attention to the fact that there are many different ways of achieving the same goal. There are actually 2 different Passlock-II systems. On the next page, there are tests to establish which type of passlock-II your car has.

Relays shown are standard automotive 5 pin spdt relays, available from IEI.
A multi meter is required to measure the resistance values. Accuracy is important within 5%.

Once the value of the resistor is measured, a resistor of the same value +/-5% must be purchased (Radio Shack, for example). You can also use a Potentiometer (POT), which can be adjusted to the same value of the resistor in the ignition switch.

Passlock-I bypass procedure....

1: Remove the top and bottom shrouds from the steering column.
2: Find the 3 wire ribbon cable, coming from the ignition switch, containing White, Black, Yellow (Sometimes White, Black, Black). These are THIN wires.
3: Locate the Black 6 position connector on the LEFT side of the steering column, right above the ignition switch position. There is a BLACK (Thin) wire in this connector, called "Bulb Test", which shows Ground with ignition in the Off position, OPEN in the "Run" position, and GROUND in the "Crank" position.
4: Turn the ignition switch to the "Run" position. Do not crank the car.
5: Cut the Thin Yellow wire and strip both ends.
6: Without cutting the Black wire, expose some of the copper.
7: Using the ohmmeter, measure from the Yellow wire (the end coming from the ignition switch), to the exposed Black wire and record the value. Measure more than once to assure you have the right value.
8: Acquire the same size resistor and 3 relays, and perform the connections shown in the diagram below.

PASSLOCK-II bypass procedure

There are 2 types of Passlock-II systems. To determine which system you have, follow these instructions;

1: Locate two wires, which are THIN and are in the main ignition harness.. Orange/Black (or Black) and Yellow.
2: Cut the Yellow wire, and strip back some of the insulation from the Orange/Black (Or Black) wires.
3: Turn the ignition to the "Run" position ( don't crank the starter). Measure and record the value measured from the KEY SIDE of the Yellow wire, to the Black/Orange wire.
4: Turn the key to the "Crank" position and release. Now read the value again.
5: If the value changed, follow "Method#1". If the value stayed the same, follow "Method#2".







These diagrams are from our friends at ALARMTEK AUTO ALARM

If you would like to bypass the system I found this, Good luck and please rate your mechanics help.


GM Passlock I & II Information
Please study the following information carefully WHEN INSTALLING REMOTE START systems on a 1996 or later GM car or truck.
Introduced in 1996, GM has changed the VATS anti theft system to Pass-Lock system. This is a similar device to the VATS system, in that there is a resistor present during the start cycle. However, in the PASSLOCK system, the resistor has been placed inside the ignition switch, instead of the key. See the GM V.A.T.S page for more information.
To remotely start a car with this feature, you must bypass the PASSLOCK system. There are two methods of doing so.. The first, is to permanently bypass this system. This is the easiest method for accomplishing your task. The second way, is to temporarily bypass the PASSLOCK, by introducing relays into the system, which retain all of the features of the system, while allowing your remotes start module to bypass it automatically during a remote start cycle.
Vehicles effected
(1996 and newer): N & J body cars, such as
Pontiac Sunfire and GrandAm Passlock-1
Chevrolet Cavalier Passlock-1
Buick Skylark Passlock-1
Oldsmobile Achieva Passlock-1

1997 or newer
Chevrolet Malibu Passlock-II
Oldsmobile Cutlass Passlock-II

1998 or newer
All trucks , SUVs and Vans Passlock-II

It is important to pay special attention to the fact that there are many different ways of achieving the same goal. There are actually 2 different Passlock-II systems. On the next page, there are tests to establish which type of passlock-II your car has.

Relays shown are standard automotive 5 pin spdt relays, available from IEI.
A multi meter is required to measure the resistance values. Accuracy is important within 5%.

Once the value of the resistor is measured, a resistor of the same value +/-5% must be purchased (Radio Shack, for example). You can also use a Potentiometer (POT), which can be adjusted to the same value of the resistor in the ignition switch.

Passlock-I bypass procedure....

1: Remove the top and bottom shrouds from the steering column.
2: Find the 3 wire ribbon cable, coming from the ignition switch, containing White, Black, Yellow (Sometimes White, Black, Black). These are THIN wires.
3: Locate the Black 6 position connector on the LEFT side of the steering column, right above the ignition switch position. There is a BLACK (Thin) wire in this connector, called "Bulb Test", which shows Ground with ignition in the Off position, OPEN in the "Run" position, and GROUND in the "Crank" position.
4: Turn the ignition switch to the "Run" position. Do not crank the car.
5: Cut the Thin Yellow wire and strip both ends.
6: Without cutting the Black wire, expose some of the copper.
7: Using the ohmmeter, measure from the Yellow wire (the end coming from the ignition switch), to the exposed Black wire and record the value. Measure more than once to assure you have the right value.
8: Acquire the same size resistor and 3 relays, and perform the connections shown in the diagram below.

PASSLOCK-II bypass procedure

There are 2 types of Passlock-II systems. To determine which system you have, follow these instructions;

1: Locate two wires, which are THIN and are in the main ignition harness.. Orange/Black (or Black) and Yellow.
2: Cut the Yellow wire, and strip back some of the insulation from the Orange/Black (Or Black) wires.
3: Turn the ignition to the "Run" position ( don't crank the starter). Measure and record the value measured from the KEY SIDE of the Yellow wire, to the Black/Orange wire.
4: Turn the key to the "Crank" position and release. Now read the value again.
5: If the value changed, follow "Method#1". If the value stayed the same, follow "Method#2".







These diagrams are from our friends at ALARMTEK AUTO ALARM

Need a bit more information, Is the security light on, have you checked for spark and fuel pressure, just in case you did and know it is the passlock system then check this out, hopefully it will ansewer your problem, please rate your mechanics help.
have a great day.

GM Passlock I & II Information
Please study the following information carefully WHEN INSTALLING REMOTE START systems on a 1996 or later GM car or truck.
Introduced in 1996, GM has changed the VATS anti theft system to Pass-Lock system. This is a similar device to the VATS system, in that there is a resistor present during the start cycle. However, in the PASSLOCK system, the resistor has been placed inside the ignition switch, instead of the key. See the GM V.A.T.S page for more information.
To remotely start a car with this feature, you must bypass the PASSLOCK system. There are two methods of doing so.. The first, is to permanently bypass this system. This is the easiest method for accomplishing your task. The second way, is to temporarily bypass the PASSLOCK, by introducing relays into the system, which retain all of the features of the system, while allowing your remotes start module to bypass it automatically during a remote start cycle.
Vehicles effected
(1996 and newer): N & J body cars, such as
Pontiac Sunfire and GrandAm Passlock-1
Chevrolet Cavalier Passlock-1
Buick Skylark Passlock-1
Oldsmobile Achieva Passlock-1

1997 or newer
Chevrolet Malibu Passlock-II
Oldsmobile Cutlass Passlock-II

1998 or newer
All trucks , SUVs and Vans Passlock-II

It is important to pay special attention to the fact that there are many different ways of achieving the same goal. There are actually 2 different Passlock-II systems. On the next page, there are tests to establish which type of passlock-II your car has.

Relays shown are standard automotive 5 pin spdt relays, available from IEI.
A multi meter is required to measure the resistance values. Accuracy is important within 5%.

Once the value of the resistor is measured, a resistor of the same value +/-5% must be purchased (Radio Shack, for example). You can also use a Potentiometer (POT), which can be adjusted to the same value of the resistor in the ignition switch.

Passlock-I bypass procedure....

1: Remove the top and bottom shrouds from the steering column.
2: Find the 3 wire ribbon cable, coming from the ignition switch, containing White, Black, Yellow (Sometimes White, Black, Black). These are THIN wires.
3: Locate the Black 6 position connector on the LEFT side of the steering column, right above the ignition switch position. There is a BLACK (Thin) wire in this connector, called "Bulb Test", which shows Ground with ignition in the Off position, OPEN in the "Run" position, and GROUND in the "Crank" position.
4: Turn the ignition switch to the "Run" position. Do not crank the car.
5: Cut the Thin Yellow wire and strip both ends.
6: Without cutting the Black wire, expose some of the copper.
7: Using the ohmmeter, measure from the Yellow wire (the end coming from the ignition switch), to the exposed Black wire and record the value. Measure more than once to assure you have the right value.
8: Acquire the same size resistor and 3 relays, and perform the connections shown in the diagram below.

PASSLOCK-II bypass procedure

There are 2 types of Passlock-II systems. To determine which system you have, follow these instructions;

1: Locate two wires, which are THIN and are in the main ignition harness.. Orange/Black (or Black) and Yellow.
2: Cut the Yellow wire, and strip back some of the insulation from the Orange/Black (Or Black) wires.
3: Turn the ignition to the "Run" position ( don't crank the starter). Measure and record the value measured from the KEY SIDE of the Yellow wire, to the Black/Orange wire.
4: Turn the key to the "Crank" position and release. Now read the value again.
5: If the value changed, follow "Method#1". If the value stayed the same, follow "Method#2".







These diagrams are from our friends at ALARMTEK AUTO ALARM