You're saying the thread on the bobbin is loose/sloppy? That would be a result of the tension placed on the bobbin during winding. Make sure you are using the correct threadpath to wind the bobbin, or the winding tension needs to be adjusted.
https://www.sewingpartsonline.com/juki-dnu-1541-parts.aspx
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0ahUKEwiikseM2J3XAhUE72MKHSV2Bg8QFggmMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdanreetz.com%2Fjuki%2FJUKI_DNU-1541-S-7EM01_SERVICE_MANUAL.pdf&usg=AOvVaw250Npk5Blb-ZBGHGIFqwyy
https://www.manualslib.com/products/Juki-Dnu-1541s-3329212.html
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Hi sally.
When the bobbin thread shows on the right side, the needle tension is too tight or the bobbin thread, too loose, as shown in the middle drawing at right. When the needle threadshows on the wrong side, the needle tension is too loose or thebobbin thread, too tight, as shown in the bottom drawing at right.2 Nov 2008
Understanding Thread Tension - Threads.
or go to this link might help you out more.
why is my bobbin thread too loose Google Search
SOURCE: question==>JUKI dnu 1541 or ddl 8300n
Might I be so bold as to disagree with Allmakes.
Why would a manufacturer build different models of industrial. They are designed for differnt jobs. The 8300 is a high speed garment machine, the 1541 is a compund feed upholstery machine. The motor is the same HP and does not affect the ability to sew heavy. The garment machine will sew garment weight leather just fine but you will have problems getting the fabric to feed properly particularly over seams. The other issure you may find with a garment machine is it's ability to handle heavier threads. I suggest that the 1541 would be a better choice for making bags and purses.
SOURCE: how to time juki dnu-1541
Go to http://www.dixiesewingmachine.tzo.com/SERVICE%20MANUAL.htm they have a copy of the engineer manual for this machine in a pdf file and all the info you want on timing is in it.
SOURCE: upper thread keeps shreading on juki 1541
Without seeing your manual it's hard to tell for sure, but it is likely that your needle and thread combo is causing the problem. Another thing can be a burr or nick on the presser foot or needle plate. First change change the needle to a different one in size 18. If it still shreds we no it is probably the needle... size up to a 20. If it works... you are good to go.
If that doesn't work... take off the presser foot and examine the needle plate for burrs, stab marks, chips. Also examine the presser foot.
If you find a defect carefully smooth that with some very fine sand paper. and try sewing again.
Good luck
SOURCE: How to adjust tension on a Juki 1541s machine
If you have loops on the bottom of the seam it's your top tension giving you problems.
SOURCE: i need operators manual for juki dnu 1541
Here is an online resource for the manula:
JUKI DNU 1541 Instruction Manual
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