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Introduction
Currently, majority of students leave their
own country each year to study abroad
and learn Professional skills or knowledge.
The United Kingdom higher education is one of the main destinations for many of
students. Some of international students regard stress because culture and
educational system, which is very different from their own country (Kuh, et
al., 1997). Pinel (2003) stated that stress a physiological response to
potential threat. The negative impact of stressful life events, therefore, it
generally can be regarded as a group of neurological and physiological
reaction, the supply of the adaptive function (Franken, 1994, Benson and Stewart,
1992). According to Lazarus and Folkman (1984) the cause of the pressure,
including the change of life, chronic stress, and environment of daily
interactions is essentially negative trouble. Strongly irritating, frustrating,
distressing requirements described in trouble in the characterization and the
day-to-day transactions of the environment to some extent (Kanner, et al., 1981). Holmes and Rahe (1967) stated that, any
change life, requires several adjustment, can be seen as a pressure. Chronic
alleviate the pressure may cause the scourge of many different ways to
different people on the psychological and physiological (Eshun, 1998; Goldman
and Wong, 1997, Misra and McKean, 2000). International students may not be able
to get rid of some degree of pressure or adjustment problems, do a culture
shock. Culture shock is a normal reaction to change compared to, revolutionized
the modifications made in the face of life, so its initial adjustment process
is a strange environment (Pedersen, 1995).The adjustment can be defined as a
social psychological concept, it does achieve harmony between the individual
and the environment. This harmony is through personal knowledge, attitudes and
emotions about his or her environment changes. This final satisfaction, feeling
at home, in a new environment, improves performance, and increase interaction
with the host (Hannigan, 1990). While, the general student pressure, the
findings of the international students who are individuals, temporarily
residing in a country other than the citizenship of other countries, to
participate in the international educational exchange may experience extreme
pressure , as a result of a higher level of culture shock, and if they cannot
adjust to the new, challenging and diverse needs, they accept a high level of
loneliness, depression and improve physical and mental health problems
(Peterson, 1995; Paige,1990). Therefore,
from different countries, they face in their daily lives with many
difficulties, including looking for a place to live, to select bank deposits
and withdraw money, and found buses, trams and trains. The pressure of the
international students are with social support system, learning overload and
different educational expectations (Sandhu, 1994), communication barriers,
culture shock and loss. Students of different cultural backgrounds tend to
evaluate their learning experience abroad as pressure (Mallinckrodt and Leong,
1992).
Research Aim
1- To identify the factors and
influences Stress among International students during studies.
The research of hypothesis
The deficiencies of the existing
literature on stress among international students, therefore, our hypothesis is
that this is the basis of a new study on life history analysis and sees the
trends in the stress for international students at in the United Kingdom during
studies.
3-Research question
How could you
describe Stress during studies?
How could you
see stress?
Research
Method
In this qualitative investigation a life history method was
employed to explain
Stress among international students in United Kingdom during studies. According
to Haglund (2004) life history approach is conducive to the study of these
phenomena, because the investigators collect the data for life, let him or her
to explore a variety of different experiences and relationships, and to study
changes over time. Life
history provides an opportunity to consider a rich person, his or her life's
important events and dynamic interaction between researchers and participants (Wiseman
and Whiteford, 2007). Dollard (1935) note that, Life history
Methodology can be described as a specific narrative to define the cultural
environment for the growth of a human, the theoretical significance (P: 3).
According to Newman (1997) the method is a life story reveals how life events
affect individuals and how they are the significance of these events. Therefore,
the accuracy of the story than the story itself is not very important. As an
investigator, it is significant to know that people can rebuild or increase the
current interpretation of the past, because they are constantly re- story on him
(Kenyon and Randall, 1997; Neumann, 1997; Linde, 1993). The life history method
is to collect rich narrative data. The narrative is defined as a set of
stories, interviews, writing journals and other written documents, form a
natural words derived from survey data sets (Depoy and Gitlin , 1998; Grbich,
1999). Yerxa (1967) states that, view each person's narrative or story-telling
is essential, rather than as an object to be manipulated or control, however as
a unique individual, very humane, they have the right to decide their own fate
choice. According to Kenyon and Randall (1997) narrative, research data are
consistent with the hypothesis, the most abundant resource, which means that
humans have mastered in a lifetime accumulated many levels of the text. A
history of life is a special design, and the use of life stories. Therefore,
the life history of design assumptions on the nature of life is the idea of a
group of stories included, mood and activity, we tell their own behaviour, about
our past, present and future (Kenyon and Randall, 1997).
The general aim of this research is to analyse of the phenomena of
Stress among international students in the United Kingdom during studies. Its
results will contribute to the stress management programs, in order to cope
with the pressure of international students face in their academic courses.
Therefore, this study will put to life history methods is employed to explain
an international student's life during studies in the United Kingdom. Moreover,
Consent in this study, the life history interview was conducted with two
international students who they are from Kurdistan. They spent about two years'
time, they live in the United Kingdom to learn English Language and master's
degree. Therefore, they are experienced studying abroad in a foreign country,
they have stories.
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