This could be a tough one without being able to examine it. First, have you precisely followed the relighting instructions printed on the heater (turn the knob to "pilot," hold down the button, etc.)? One other thought: the gas pressure to the pilot flame is very low - if some water got into its little supply pipe it could keep gas from getting to the pilot burner device. You would have to disconnect the pilot tube from the gas controller valve and blow it clear, then try again. Dealing with this type of gas problem can create dangerous conditions if not done properly. If water got into the gas controller valve (the one with the knobs and buttons) it will have to be replaced. If unsure, consult a plumber.
SOURCE: Model #606 640nort Reliance 30gal gas water heater
this is either the thermocouple lead or the uni control i would replace the thermocouple leed first, these parts can't be repaired they have to be replaced
SOURCE: Pilot won't stay lit in Reliance 606 gas water heater
The Reliance 606 has an enclosed thermal couple. Before you try taking that assembly apart take a wire brush to the bottom opening directly under the burner. There is a metal filter on the very bottom of the water heater. It could be that the filter has gotten filled with dust or animal hair. It took a serviceman 2 days to figure this out for me. The water heater has to have good airflow through that filter to work well.
SOURCE: how to change a thermostat on reliance 606 hot
I wrote a page for changing water heater thermostat.
The photos take you through step-by-step
I recommend replacing both upper and lower thermostats so it eliminates thermostats as possible cause if water heater keeps overheating.
http://waterheatertimer.org/How-to-replace-thermostat-on-electric-water-heater.html
The Reliance 606 manual shows your water heater uses generic upper and lower thermostats from hardware store.
http://www.reliancewaterheaters.com/lit/om/manuals/185761-000.pdf
Likely the thermostat will solve the problem:
http://waterheatertimer.org/How-to-troubleshoot-electric-problems-with-water-heater.html
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This is a GAS water heater......the question above....( not electric)
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