The traditional way of making rugby is by cross-stitching
four panels of brown leather over a real pig bladder. Modern rugby balls are made in a variety of
ways. Nowadays, they can be made with
rubber, polyurethane, microfibers and even PVC.
There are always made with four panels but are no longer hand
stitched. They top layer tends to have
small holes in it to assist the player in gripping the rugby ball.
I was able to find for you a great definition of a scrum
from the Washington State women's rugby organization website. They define a scrum as:
"This is the most unique aspect of rugby (see our pictures page for a visual).
It consists of the eight forwards on both teams and occurs after a rule
infraction such as a forward pass. Essentially what happens is the eight
players bind on to one another while the front row binds on to the other team. The
two packs then push on each other while the ball is thrown in by the team which
was not responsible for the penalty. The ball is then heeled (kicked backwards)
by the forwards until it pass through the back of the scrum."
For more useful rugby info, check out their site: http://womensrugby.wsu.edu/faq.aspx
At any given time, there are a total of 15 rugby players per team on the field. 8 serve as front players and the other 7 serve as back. On the sidelines, there are other players that wait to be called in to the game in case of emergency or for specific plays. All in all, rugby teams are usually made up of about 25 people.
Rugby games are unique in that each one consists of two forty minute halves to make a total of eighty minutes game time. Like in soccer, some games can go slightly longer if no one has scored or if there are penalties.
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