What kind of gas do most camping stoves use? - Kitchen Ranges

It should have a shut off valve on the left side. You should turn it clock wise and turn off the second burner

most gas bottle these days with that size of stove is all the same thread. if there is a cmaping hiking store near wheere you are going. its likely. yes

Multifuel stoves can accommodate various fuels including white gas, unleaded auto gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel and diesel. They tend to cost more than any other camping stove.

Canister stoves run on pre-pressurized gas canisters. The only thing you need to do is to simply attach the stove to the threaded fuel canister turn the gas knob and light it with a match.

The recommended stove for large group camping I advise you to purchase the liquid-fuel stove.

The recommended stove for summer backpacking is a canister or an integrated stove system.

They are generally referred to as millets.

http://www.appliancefactoryparts.com/search/part/297644/

You should be able to go to a local hardware store and build what you need.... probably the cheapest way too

soot is incorrect gas / air mixture--too much gas
I am thinking that it is designed to run with screw on bottles ( low pressure ) yet you have connected it direct to a 20 lb bottle with out a regulator and have got adaptors to enable that
Not only do the regulators act as blow back extinguishers ( preventing a cannister explosion ) they control the gas pressure to obtain the correct air /gas mixture
try attaching a regulator to the top of the bottle , them a hose to the camping stove and your problems will be solved