The little white thing is most likely a capacitor, and only AC current affects this it blocks DC. These don't often fail, and if but if suspect, then replacement is the only way to tell?
You need to check at the actual terminals on the Motor to see if the power is getting there, it should be present at one side of the motor, the "Hot"side, and the other side or "Cold"side will contact to the Neutral wire, to complete the circuit. It is a very basic circuit.
You also need to check the motor is OK, While motor is disconnected, use a meter set to OHMS, and measure across the the motor's terminals, you should get a lowish Ohmic reading, if it is Open circuit, high Megohms, then either the Motor has "Blown" or the embedded protection fuses inside the motor have, either way the effect is the same the motor must be replaced. This is often what it is.
Below is a exploded diagram manual that may help, it's not all in English, but gives one a good idea.
http://www.pressure-power-washer.com/pdf/karcher/5955-6440.pdf