Fuses can be checked visually but make provided a false "good" condition indication. A far more reliable method is with a continuity light or ohm meter.
A simple continuity tester.Most people know what an ohm meter is but far fewer know how to use one properly. A much easier device to use for "good" or "no good" tests is a continuity light or tester like the one above. The key parts of a continuity tester are a internal battery, lamp and probes. On the model above, one probe is fixed to the end of the battery / lamp housing and the other it at the end of a flexible wire or "lead".
Like the ohm meter, the continuity tester has its own power source (battery), probes and is used on components "out of circuit". The major difference is that there is no meter to read - only a light that is off or on (or a value of dimness). This makes them well suited for testing fuses that have been removed
from a panel - or even those sitting on top of the panel (or in the junk
draw for that matter). Since a fuse is either good or bad, never in between the light will either be on or off.
Edison Base FusesAny fuse can be tested out of circuit. Common household types are Edison type S and type T. Both are shown below.
S & T type fuses along with the S Type Rejection Base that is not removable once installed.
Most fuses have 2 points of contact. Both of the S & T type fuses have a metal disc on the bottom center the other is on the side. Both the S & T type fuses are threaded and are twisted in and out of the panel fuse holder. The T type has the outer threads as this other connection, while the S type has two smaller metal points of contact safely tucked under the rim of the top of the fuse. Both of these contacts are connected together inside the fuse, so even though there are physically two contacts, electrically they are one. Testing is done by touching one probe to the bottom center disc and the other probe to the threaded side of the T type or one of the two metal contacts on the under side of the top of the S type fuse. If the light illuminates, it is good. If not it is open or bad.
Cartridge FusesThe second fuse type often found in homes is the cartridge fuse. Cartridge rely on pressure to be held in place instead of threads like the S & T types.
Cartridge fuses have different physical characteristics to help prevent installing the wrong size.There are just two contacts on cartridge fuses, too. They lie at opposite ends of the fuse body. Touch a probe from the tester to each end of the fuse. If the light illuminates, it is good. If not it is open or bad.
Be sure to check that the tester works by touching the probes together before testing. If the light does not illuminate, check the condition of the battery(s) and lamp. Replace as needed. If still not working, the probes have probably failed and the tool should be replaced.
I hope this helps and good luck.