I need help with a strange throbbing noise coming from my 2006 cobalt ss. The noise is coming from the passenger side and sounds like either a warped rotor, tire out of balance, or a wheel bearing going out (although it isn't a popping noise). The noise happens as I am driving and very apparent at highway speeds. I don't believe any of those I listed are the problem though; both front rotors have been turned today, the passenger front tire is new and was balanced by Hibdon, and the wheel bearing seems fine. My car has 84k miles though so it is hard to tell what could be breaking. Help??

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It is dumping extra fuel.

P0171 code SS SC - Cobalt SS Network

CobaltSS.net https://www.cobaltss.net > forums > p0171-code-ss-sc-...
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For those with the FAMOUS P0171 CEL - Cobalts SS

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About the FAMOUS P0171 DTC (diagnostic troubleshooting code). If the PCM detect a lean condition (roughly 15% leaner than stock or more lean), this code ...

Missing: 2.0. ‎' Show results with: 2.0.

P0171 Chevy Cobalt: Fuel Trim System Lean Bank 1

700r4transmissionhq.com https://www.700r4transmissionhq.com > p0171-chevy...
Jul 28, 2018 - It indicates that your Chevy Cobalt is running lean on the bank one side. It's the most common air/fuel mixture-related code. It's not the most ...

‎Definition · ‎Symptoms · ‎Causes

Question edited for clarity.
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Yes there is. Articles and Videos

https://www.google.com/search?q=2006+Chevy+Cobalt+SS.+Relearn+crankshaft+position+sensor

..

Question edited for clarity.
Question moved to model category.

Oil pressure sensor or crank sensor?

https://www.google.com/search?q=Cobalt+SS%2C+oil+leak+behind+starter

..

Really need to know what? That search his normally the torque that the engine produces on the road.

2006 Chevy cobalt 2.2 L engine torque specs for - Fixya

https://www.fixya.com > Forum > Cars & Trucks
Jan 9, 2018 - Tighten to 40-50 Nm (30-37 lb-ft). Rotate an additional 175-185 degrees. Go to next bolt in sequence. Short Bolts: Tighten to 20-30 Nm ...
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Torque Specs, Fluid Capacities ' Chevy Cobalt Forum

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Chevrolet Lug Nut Torque Specs Table - Sparky Express

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Model Trim Year Range Torque ASTRO ALL / MINIVAN 1985 ? 2002 100 ft?lbs ASTRO MINIVAN / BASE/LS/LT 2003 ? 2005 140 ft?lbs AVALANCHE 17"BASE / LS 2002 ? 2013 140 ft?lbs

Since you drive it at those speeds I don't think it's your trans. I would look for something that could be loose under the car.

take the car to a repair shop or dealer it sounds as if there is a faulty sensor . this can damage the convertor if left unrepaired and become more expensive .

sounds like you have a window seal leak.  The only other way water will leak into the car is a leaky heater core or a clogged A/C drain.  Do you have a sun roof that could be leaking?  As they have drains too. 

Have a mechanic check lower control arm bushing at the rear of the control arm.It is a horizontal bushing retained by a vertical bolt clamping it to frame.The tire will move more forward and back more than it should during braking. canuck mechanic.

Its a pain but under your car are about 6 8mm bolts that you have to take off to get the filter out also you will have to take your driver front tire off to get the last few bolts to gain access to the air box there are 3 screws on the box that comes off and you can pull out the filter and put new one in and do the reverse.

Your passenger axel boot is at fault. It needs to be rebuilt or replaced(cheaper option).