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Generally when a diesel has trouble starting there is always a possibility low compressions are the cause if heater plugs weren't the problem. Some engines are more prone to this than others, the worst and least offender in my experience were both Ford.
Usually if the heater/pre heat is a problem and everything else is ok then removing the air cleaner and blowing hot air directly into the intake will provide a normally starting engine.
Many engine "specialists" will say injector condition plays little or no part in the starting stakes - not true! Apart from any other considerations, something must be done about a non-starter and it is quicker, easier and cheaper to check the easy possibilities before sending the engine for overhaul. A good battery and starter is essential to provide the best possible cranking speed and then ensure the injectors are in good order and that means removing them and sending them to the diesel specialist...
I think you got hold of a batch of stale gasoline, have seen it many times. This happens this time of year because they are using up all the winter blend gas so they can switch to the summer blend..
Very hard to diagnose without trouble codes, but sounds like a fuel problem - bad gas, fuel filter plugging, fuel pressure regulator acting up, etc. I would certainly check fuel pressure at the engine with key on but not started, and then while trying to start.
COULD HAVE BAD FUEL WRONG TYPE FUEL COULD NEED NEW AIR FILTER. DIESEL ENGINE NEEDS AIR TO OPERATE.IF AIR FILTER RESTRICTED.DIESEL ENGINE WONT RUN AND CLOGGED FUEL FILTER CAUSE STARTING PROBLEMS PROBLEMS WITH TURBOCHARGER OR TURBOCHARGER ACTUATOR WOULD CAUSE ENGINE RUN VERY SLOW NO POWER ON TAKE OFF.I SAY PROBLEM IN FUEL SYSTEM OR AIR INTAKE SYSTEM.IF YOU HAD ANY OTHER PROBLEMS THE CHECK ENGINE LIGHT WILL FLASH ON.
Diesel engines utilize a compression ratio about 2 and1/2 times higher that a gasoline engine. This means it takes much more power from the starter to crank it over. Two batteries are necessary to power the oversized starter required to turn a diesel engine over. Also, many diesel engines use glow plugs to warm up the combustion chamber to aid cold starting. The extra battery provides power reserve for this function also.
Suspect the glow plugs or timer not working proper. You could plug your truck in keep the engine warm so it starts easier. Or you could have the glow plugs tested and replaced if faulty. Your engine has 8 glowplugs and even a couple faulty glowplugs will cause problems starting. You could have injector or injection pump problems as well but harder to diagnos yourself.
For a short term solution, you could run a small electric heater within the engine compartment which will keep everything nice and warm for your early morning starts. I remember my father using an extension trouble light and leaving it under the engine compartment during the winters.
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