Something to check, does the temperature gauge barely get off cold? (it should get to about halfway). This would indicate that the thermostat is stuck open, this makes the glow plugs stay on continuously, which would be causing undue strain on the altinator.
Are you tensioning the vee belt enough? I usually use a crow-bar (jimmy bar / wrecking bar) between the engine block and the altinator, to hold the tension on while tightening the adjusting bolt.
If the vee belt is replaced, a new belt will stretch and need to be retightened after a couple of weeks.
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Make sure you check the belt alignment,if it is not running true it can cause excessive heat and early failure.. You should also check all your battery connections including the ground strap to the body from the frame,Last have the battery load tested....
What is the best way to check the belt alignment? By eye they seem to be lined up properly.
You can use a yardstick or any straight edge and just lay it across 2 pulleys and they should hit in 4 spots on the straight edge or reasonably close. Are you sure all the brackets for the alternator are in place ?Excessive Vibration can cause premature failure also.
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What is the best way to check the belt alignment? it appears to be aligned, and there is no visible angle difference between the alternator and the idlers when itis running...
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