I would think that either the fan switch or the resistor would be your problem if you've ruled out any fuse or wiring issues. By testing the voltage going in & out of both components, preferably with a digital multimeter but a 12 volt test light can be used, you will eliminate purchasing parts needlessly. If you end up getting voltage to the fan then see below remarks.
The blower motor still could be bad depending upon how you're jumping it. The vehicle wiring is only equipped to send a certain amount of amps to the blower motor & you may be using wiring that is larger, or connecting directly to a power supply that would make even a weak motor work by providing much more amperage than the vehicle usually does..
You can generally note that a worn motor doesn't turn by hand as smoothly as it should, causing the need for maximum amperage to get it started, tough to do in a car when everything is cold.
I suggest a Vehicle specific manual to aid in troubleshooting if you are unfamiliar with removing those components.
good luck.
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