You need more than 12 volts to charge the battery. How many amps does the alternator put out? This is what charges the battery.
When the engine is running fast idle, the battery voltage should read 13.5 to 14.5 volts if the alternator is delivering charge to the battery. If the old alternator had a shorted diode, the very high current from the battery back through that diode will burn out what is known as a fuse link which is located within the wiring harness and it will effectively disconnect the alternator output from the battery. The battery end is connected at the starter terminal where the positive battery cable also connects.
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