How do I find out out what is causing the very loud humming/whining noise.

A loud whining noise on acceleration in a 2010 Mazda Tribute could be a sign of a few different issues. Here are some potential causes:

1. Power steering pump: A whining noise can be an indication of a failing power steering pump. The noise may increase when the steering wheel is turned.
2. Alternator: If the whining noise increases with engine speed, the alternator may be failing. This is because the alternator is responsible for charging the battery and powering the car's electrical system.
3. Transmission: A whining noise during acceleration could also be a sign of transmission issues, such as low transmission fluid levels, worn bearings, or a damaged gear.
4. Differential: A whining noise that increases with speed could also be a sign of a failing differential. This is the part of the car that transfers power from the engine to the wheels.

It's important to have a professional mechanic diagnose and fix the issue to prevent further damage to your vehicle.

That is commonly caused by a power steering pump issue, it is either low on fluid due to a leak in a hose or the pump is defective.

ANSWERS: Oil Loss, Buzzing Noise, ETC. - Nissan Forum ' Nissan Forums

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Check for cracks or air leaks. These can cause hum/whine/whistles. Spay soapy water solution on the manifold at joints. Avoid spraying anything electronic directly. If the noise suddenly stops, you have found the air leak.

bad/loose belt, bad/going water pump. bad/going alternator.

If the alternator has a bad bearing or bearings it would likely make a noise.

I suggest that you open the hood (when the engine is hot) and try to pinpoint the source of the noise. Check the power steering pump- these sometimes make a noise that could be described as a hum or whine. The alternator and belt idler or tensioner are other things to check. An automotive-type stethoscope might be useful for tracking down the noise.

SOUND LIKE FUEL PUMP.CHECK PUMP PRESSURE BUT MOST OF THE TIME WHEN FUEL PUMP GOING OUT YOUR HEAR HUMMING OR LITTLE WHINING NOISE.FUEL PUMP MOTOR BEARING WORN OUT.

replace the idle air control (IAC)

sounds like a wheel bearing maybe faulty from your text it sounds like it could be the osf you could try jacking vehicle up with engine off handbrake applied and in neutral spin the wheel and see if it makes noise or wiggle it to see if it has any play possibly take off greade cap and see if any grease in bearing /