Lost Tail Lights & Dash Lights in my '85 Corvette

Check the fuse. A bad bulb can cause a fuse to blow.

That was my first thought, too. But it would not "fry" the whole circuit, so don't give up yet, using the higher fuse may have just cost you one more step of finding the problem.
So is it still blowing a 10 amp fuse? Either way what you really need is someone with a voltmeter or multi-meter to track down where the power has been lost. Most cars have the tail (or park lights) and the dash illumination lights on the same circuit, therefore using the same fuse, so an electrician could start by checking if the fuse has power with tail light switch on, then checking the wire going up to the dash, and how the tail lights wire is spliced with that or separately from the fuse and then routed to the rear.
It always helps to have a wiring diagram, sometimes absolutely necessary with involved circuits. Your problem should be simpler, not so much to look after, although the colors of the tail light wires may be needed. The person with the voltmeter can follow the wires that way, sometimes you have to pull a harness apart to find the wires you need. It may take a little time, but anyone who knows how to use a voltmeter should be able to find the problem. It does take time, sometimes, alas.

I have not heard of this before and I am unfamiliar with your vehicle. In most vehicles, if your dash lights are not working your tail lights are also not working (they are on the same fuse). This means whenever your dash lights out, your tail lights are also out, which could put you in the position of getting rear ended by another vehicle or getting a ticket if a police officer see's your tail lights are out at night. It sounds like you are dealing with a loose or broken ground wire. I would start by checking all the tail light wire connections and ground wires located in the back of the vehicle. I have seen ground wires held together by a screw attached to a plastic tail light housing. When the tail light housing breaks it causes an intermittent connection (dim lights, out lights, etc.). A careful inspection of the wires, connectors, and ground wires may turn up the cause of the problem. A simple dab of molten solder, a piece of electrical tape, or a longer screw may be all you need to fix the problem.

THE DASH LIGHTS ARE USUALLY CONTROLLED BY A SMALL THUMB WHEEL NEAR THE HEADLIGHT SWITCH ON THE DASH. THAT IS A RHEOSTAT, THAT MAKES THE DASH LIGHTS BRIGHT & DIM. REPLACE OR BYPASS IT.

CHECK TAIL LIGHT FUSE, THAT FUSE SUPPLIES VOLTAGE TO THE DASH LIGHTS FUSE. IF THE TAIL LIGHTS ARE WORKING, CHECK THE INSTRUMENT FUSE. IF BOTH FUSES ARE GOOD, TURN THE DASH LIGHT ADJ. BACK & FORTH, IF STILL NO LIGHTS, I WOULD REPLACE THE DASH LIGHT CONTROL. WHILE CHECKING THE DASH LIGHTS YOU MAY HAVE TO COVER YOU & THE DASH WITH A BLANKET TO MAKE IT DARK AROUND THE DASH.

Same problem on my 85 k10 fuses are all good. I have no tail lights either. I dunno

The odds are the one fuse is blown for the dash and the tail lights. And the wrong bulb may have been put in for the brake light. The brake light is feeding back into the tail light circuit causing the fuse to blown out.

Change out the bulbs with OEM bulbs and replace the blown fuse. That should fix the problem.

Fuse. They are often the same fuse so the driver knows there is a problem with the parking/tail light system. Look for a fuse labeled Instrument light, or dash lights or tail lights. Likely about 15 Amps.

Check and replace any blown fuses.

when my tail lights and dash lights w out my hookup for trailer lights were grounding each other out causing my fuse to blow for my tail lights and dash. i would check all your wiring and make sure nothing is touching or bare.